Pathology of the lymphopharyngeal ring in children

The condition of tonsils was studied in 9612 children of organized establishments aged up to 14 years. Diseases of the tonsils were found in 34.8% cases (simple hyperplasia in 35.6%, chronic tonsillitis in 64.4% cases). In 63.3% cases chronic tonsillitis was accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy. In 84% cases it proceeded with signs of tonsillogenous intoxication. Lymphopharyngeal ring pathology was more often than not found in 7-14 year old children (44.6%). The authors discuss problems of pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnostics and treatment of lymphopharyngeal ring pathology in children. They suppose that tonsillar pathology in children is to be considered as a systemic disease, the leading role in its pathogenesis seems to belong to the total lymphoid system of the organism. Proceeding from the fact that the tonsils in children are of great functional importance as they take part in the formation of local and general defensive immunologic reactions of the organism, the authors consider that in children it is necessary to give preference to conservative methods in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis.     

Experimental epidural and conduction anesthesia with azacaine

We present the results of the in vitro action of alpha and gamma interferons and of Intacglobin and Igegam against the 47/93/IPK (Coxsackie A9) strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with epidemic neuropathy. The in vitro studies showed that the two interferons inhibited the replication of this agent; they also showed the presence of antibodies to it in the Intacglobin and Igegam. The results attained demonstrated that the use of these compounds could be effective for the treatment of this entity.     

Colorimetric and dynamic light scattering detection of DNA sequences by using positively charged gold nanospheres: a comparative study with gold nanorods

We introduce a new genosensing approach employing CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide)-coated positively charged colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to detect target DNA sequences by using absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The approach is compared with a previously reported method employing unmodified CTAB-coated gold nanorods (GNRs). Both approaches are based on the observation that whereas the addition of probe and target ssDNA to CTAB-coated particles results in particle aggregation, no aggregation is observed after addition of probe and nontarget DNA sequences. Our goal was to compare the feasibility and sensitivity of both methods. A 21-mer ssDNA from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 U5 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence and a 23-mer ssDNA from the Bacillus anthracis cryptic protein and protective antigen precursor (pagA) genes were used as ssDNA models. In the case of GNRs, unexpectedly, the colorimetric test failed with perfect cigar-like particles but could be performed with dumbbell and dog-bone rods. By contrast, our approach with cationic CTAB-coated GNPs is easy to implement and possesses excellent feasibility with retention of comparable sensitivity--a 0.1 nM concentration of target cDNA can be detected with the naked eye and 10 pM by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The specificity of our method is illustrated by successful DLS detection of one-three base mismatches in cDNA sequences for both DNA models. These results suggest that the cationic GNPs and DLS can be used for genosensing under optimal DNA hybridization conditions without any chemical modifications of the particle surface with ssDNA molecules and signal amplification. Finally, we discuss a more than two-three-order difference in the reported estimations of the detection sensitivity of colorimetric methods (0.1 to 10-100 pM) to show that the existing aggregation models are inconsistent with the detection limits of about 0.1-1 pM DNA and that other explanations should be developed.