Genotypic basis of low viability in vestigial mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

The role of a marker mutation and other genes in a decrease in viability was studied in the Drosophila melanogaster vg line. In flies of the C-S line, chromosome 2 was substituted by the homologous chromosome of the vg flies. In addition, the flies of the mutant phenotype with mutant genes partially or completely substituted by the wild-type C-S genes were obtained in saturating crosses C-S x vg. In the reciprocal variant of chromosome 2 substitution, the flies of the C-S phenotype with chromosomes 1, 3, and 4 from the vg line were obtained. Chromosome 2 of the vg line, introduced into C-S fly karyotype, proved to substantially reduce the heat resistance and life span of flies. In the case of reciprocal replacement (C-S line chromosome 2 substituted for the homologous chromosome of vg flies), a significant increase in viability was observed, which, however, never reached the level characteristic of the C-S line. As the vg genotype became saturated with C-S genes, the heat resistance and life span of flies increased substantially. However, even the complete saturation of mutant chromosomes with wild-type genes never resulted in the equal viability of vg and C-S flies. These data suggest that the low viability of the vg mutant is largely accounted for by the gene composition of the second chromosome and, primarily, by the presence of the vg gene. Nevertheless, there is evidence that, along with the pleiotropic effect of the marker mutation, other genes not linked to chromosome 2 are responsible for the studied physiological properties of the vg flies.     

Relaparotomy]

The study of intrarenal and upper urinary tracts urodynamics in the presence of the ureteropelvic obstruction and of the function of the lower urinary tract shows that congenital hydronephrosis was in 42.8% of cases associated with bladder dysfunction presenting with hyperreflex-type dysfunction. Maladapted hyperreflex bladder was diagnosed in 29.4%, adapted--in 13.5% of cases. The hyporeflex dysfunction occurred in 15.9% of cases. The urinary bladder dysfunction in children with congenital hydronephrosis accounts for 58.7%. These aggravate the same defects of the upper urinary tracts and deteriorate the course of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis.     

Causes and prevention of sudden arrest of circulation in surgical treatment of rheumatic mitral defect

Lymphangiomas are benign tumors, their growth are slow, customarily without symptoms, their location more frequent are in head or neck and they're diagnosed before the two first life years frequently. Their etiology continues uncertain, being accepted the congenital origin. We report on three cases of abdominal lymphangioma beginning as an acute abdomen. The importance of these cases is based mainly in the low frequency of presentation of these tumors in this location (2-5% of the lymphangiomas) and in their initial symptomatology.     

Akathisia in adults with mental retardation: development of the Akathisia Ratings of Movement Scale (ARMS)

We developed an akathisia rating scale for use with persons who have mental retardation and screened for the occurrence of akathisia in three samples: 66 adults receiving maintenance neuroleptic treatment, 20 adults not receiving neuroleptics, and 8 adults undergoing neuroleptic dose reduction. The scale had an acceptable level of interrater reliability and validly measured group differences related to neuroleptic treatment status. Using an empirically derived cut-off-score, we estimated the prevalence rate for akathisia to be 5% in neuroleptic-free subjects, 17% in neuroleptic-maintenance subjects, and 25% in neuroleptic-reduction subjects. Akathisia, dyskinesia, and stereotypy manifested as qualitatively different movement topograhies. The occurrence of dyskinesia stereotyped movement disorder was associated significantly with an increased occurrence of akathisia.     

Comparative physiology of the replication of RNA-containing bacteriophages MS2 and Q beta

The yield of the phage QB is always less than the yield of the phage MS2, the conditions of cultivation being similar. This is due to the fact that the yield of the phage QB from an infection centre is lower by a factor of 5--10 than the yield of the phage MS2. The yield of the phages may be increased by optimizing conditions of cultivation. The RNA-containg phages MS2 and QB were cultivated in the peptone-yeast growth medium in fermenters with the working volume of 30 and 50 litres. The yields were 2--5-10(13) particles/ml and 1--4-10(12) particles/ml for the phages MS2 and QB, respectively. The specific infectiveness of purified phage preparations was 2--4-10(12) particles/OD260 (MS2) and 2--4-10(11) particles/OD260 (QB).     

Effects of iontophoretic administration of acetylcholine to rabbit motor cortex neurons on the functioning of intracortical connections

The rat D2(long) dopamine receptor has been expressed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe at levels of about 1 pmol/mg of protein. The recombinant receptor, analysed in ligand binding experiments, exhibits properties typical of a D2 dopamine receptor and the affinities of antagonists agree with values obtained for the receptor expressed in mammalian systems although the affinities of some antagonists are lower. Substituted benzamide antagonists show lower affinities in the absence of sodium ions whereas clozapine and classical antagonists mostly show higher affinities. Agonist binding is insensitive to the effects of GTP indicating lack of a stable interaction with G-proteins.