Correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin and its biologically active metabolite as related to estimation of the relative bioavailability of the antibiotic

In the bioavailability studies with drugs biotransformed to biologically active metabolities only the concentrations of the parent drug (PD) are usually taken into account even when the pharmacokinetic data on the metabolite(s) (M) are available. However, such data may be useful as an alternative source for the bioavailability determination. Moreover, the clinical outcomes often depend on both the PD and M concentrations. The aim of the study performed with two rifampicin formulations, tablets and dragee, was to correlate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the PD and 25-O-deacetylrifampicin, a microbiologically active M of rifampicin, and to examine whether the bioavailability parameters based on the PD and M concentrations were compatible. The serum concentrations of the PD and M were determined in 8 healthy volunteers by HPLC. Despite different patterns of the PD and M pharmacokinetic profiles the PD peak concentration (Cmax) and especially the AUC correlated with Cmax or the AUC of the M (r = 0.76 and 0.92 respectively). Moreover, the extent of the absorption expressed as the AUC ratio for the PD correlated with the AUC ratio for the M (r = 0.86). However, neither the time to reach the maximum (tmax), nor the Cmax/AUC ratio, a measure of the absorption rate, based on the PD pharmacokinetic data correlated with the respective parameters calculated with using the M concentrations. Thus, only the estimates of the extent of the absorption and not of the absorption rate based on the PD and M data may be considered as compatible.     

Sj?gren''s syndrome presenting with a minor salivary gland mass

To survey the frequency of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and to evaluate its clinical presentation in Europe, we performed a questionnaire interview of a sample of physicians involved in the care of patients with LB. Reference laboratories in 15 European countries agreed to participate by distributing questionnaires to those clinicians who most frequently requested LB serology for their patients. The mean number of cases of LB per physician per country showed a longitudinal geographical gradient, with a higher number of patients seen in Eastern and Central Europe than in Western Europe. Skin involvement was seen in 58.9% of the patients, neurological involvement in 34.3%, joint involvement in 15.4% and cardiac involvement in 2%. About 30% of the patients had multisystem involvement. The frequency of the different manifestations varied greatly between countries. The frequency of diagnosis of LB and the number of serological tests requested were inversely correlated.     

Biologic glue increases capillary ingrowth after cardiomyoplasty in an ischemic cardiomyopathy model

The authors investigated the multi-step mechanism of healing after cardiomyoplasty, focusing on the process of angiogenesis. The authors contend that enhancement of angiogenesis and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injuries immediately after muscle mobilization will be effective in improving cardiomyoplasty results. After cardiomyoplasty, autologous biologic glue (ABG) was administered between the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and myocardium. By 2 months, a new pseudo interlayer was present that bridged the gap between the LDM and myocardium. Neovascularization was visible in the form of numerous small capillaries. Marked degeneration of the LDM was noted, possibly caused by muscle ischemia-reperfusion damage after mobilization. Pockets were created of ischemic and nonischemic LDM to test for angiogenesis. One was left free of ABG (control); one received ABG only; one received ABG and pyrrolostatin. Some of the capillaries were large and had erythrocytes inside. biopsy samples showed 9.4 +/- 1.9% of the sample was occupied by blood vessels (compared with 3.6 +/- 0.7% in control muscle). These preliminary studies prove the feasibility of the authors' concept and provide evidence that angiogenesis can accelerate the healing process and provide an organic bridge between the LDM and myocardium after cardiomyoplasty.     

Heterotopic ossification in total hip arthroplasty. The influence of the approach

From 1980 to 1990, 64 cases of Lumbar canal Stenosis have been recorded and operated on at the neurosurgical clinic. The male sex is prevailing and the breakdown by age groups showed a preponderance of the age sections between 31 and 45 and 46 and 60 years. The sciatic pain was the most frequent starting symptom. As far as the physical signs are concerned, the areflexy of the tendon predominates. The saccoradiculography has established the diagnosis in most of the cases. The laminectomy associated with another technique has permitted to obtain the best result of the treatment. With the advent of the T scan, a better estimation of the lumbar canal will be possible, so as to replace the laminectomy by a more adaptable technique: the remeasurement of the lumbar canal.     

Relative value of peripheral blood, secretion and tissue eosinophilia in the diagnosis of different patterns of allergic rhinitis

Eosinophil count in peripheral blood, nasal secretion and nasal mucosa were studied in 20 controls and 38 patients with different patterns of allergic rhinits. Secretion and tissue eosinophilia were pathologically high in a greater number of patients than peripheral blood eosinophilia. This trend was seen in all patterns of allergic rhinitis but was more evident in seasonal allergic rhinitis. The conclusion was reached that examination of local site and local secretions for eosinophilia is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.