Stress increases the population of splenic macrophages, permissive for Langat virus, in mice

Cytogenetic study conducted after a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphane in doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg showed in 1.5-2-month-old male mice that the level of bone marrow cells damaged by the mutagen was significantly higher in NZW animals than in C57Bl/6 animals. The ability to produce active oxygen forms in response to addition of opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate was also higher in bone marrow suspensions of NZW mice. The higher sensitivity of NZW animals to pro-oxidant and clastogenic effects may be related to the genetically determined decrease of antioxidant protection in NZW animals.     

Vitamin E as a universal antioxidant and stabilizer of biological membranes

The known literature data concerning the mechanisms of molecular action of vitamin E in biological membrane systems are reviewed. The role of vitamin E, possessing a broad range of biological activities, as a universal stabilizer of biological membranes in normal oxygen metabolism and peroxidation, and also in disorders of normal metabolism resulting in pathological alterations, has been discussed. The participation of vitamin E in redox reactions taking place in lipid media, its interaction with singlet oxygen, free fatty acids and enzyme systems are considered. Physiological effects of vitamin E and its ability to prevent numerous pathologies are also considered. Vitamin E was concluded to be a universal participant of antioxidant defence reactions in biological membranes, since it acts at all stages of membrane oxidative damage.     

The antiviral action of recombinant receptorotoxins based on the diphtheria toxin and the human T-lymphocyte CD4-receptor

Lack of uniformity in the classification of oral diseases, and variability of study designs, measurements, methods, and statistical formats, hamper the interpretation, comparison and review of the evidence linking smoking and oral diseases. However, there have been a significant number of controlled studies, allowing definitive conclusions to be drawn. This review of 22 controlled scientific studies from 1983-1992, considers the role of smoking as an aetiological agent in: gingival problems (impaired gingival bleeding, ANUG), periodontal problems (periodontitis, bone loss, tooth loss), and caries.     

A system of measuring surface relief and elasticity of the skin

An opticoelectronic system for measurement of a surface microprofile and elasticity of the skin in real time has been developed operating with a source of radiation having small time coherence. The frequency of measurement is 120 Hz, accuracy at least 3 microns. The system can be used for anthropological inspections, study of age and pathological changes in the skin.     

Experience in conducting course exams on assignments in test form

Analysis of the results of examinations in oral surgery making use of tests in 319 fourth-year students showed that such a method of assessing students' knowledge is highly objective.