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排序方式: 共有1149条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
G Shankar TR Gadek DJ Burdick I Davison WT Mason MA Horton 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,219(2):364-371
Extensive characterization of the vitronectin receptor (VNR), a member of the integrin group of cell adhesion molecules, which is abundantly expressed in osteoclasts, has revealed a role for this receptor in osteoclast adhesion as well as bone resorption. Earlier evidence from our laboratory suggests that VNR is also capable of transducing intracellular signals following receptor ligand interaction, although this function is poorly understood. Thus, addition of peptides containing the minimal tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin recognition sequence elicits transient increases in intracellular free calcium ions, with maximal responses seen with a bone sialoprotein peptide, BSP-IIA. In the present study we have attempted to determine some of the structural requirements for calcium signaling in osteoclasts using derivatives of the peptide PRGDN/T sequence found in bone sialoprotein. While some peptides, such as the parent sequence PRGDN, can induce both signaling and retractile events, it was found that minor structural modifications yielded peptides such as PRADN which elicited a transient increase in intracellular free calcium ions without promoting a reduction in osteoclast spread area (retraction). Conversely, certain other modifications resulted in peptides, such as PrGDN and benzoyl-RGDN, which effect osteoclast retraction, while having minimal Ca2+ signaling capabilities. Osteoclast adhesion, and hence retraction, are known to be RGD-dependent and integrin-dependent events. However, intracellular Ca2+ signaling is RGD-independent and, based on lack of inhibition by an anti-beta 3 integrin antibody F11 and echistatin, very likely integrin-independent. These data suggest that signaling is not always via VNR and as yet unknown receptors on the osteoclast membrane play a role in osteoclast signaling and hence function. 相似文献
62.
The influence of inlet gas concentration cycling on the optimal temperature policy of catalytic transport reactors is studied theoretically. The model considered is based on plug flow of gas and catalyst particles with negligible interand intra-particle diffusional resistances and concentration dependent deactivation kinetics. To utilise the concentration of the reactant and the activity of the deactivating catalyst fully a proper temperature sequence along the reactor is needed. Thus, a general optimal temperature policy using the continuous minimum principle is derived for the reactor under periodic operation. The model equations are solved analytically for gas concentration, activity and temperature profiles. Resonance behaviour (maximum in conversion with pulse width) is obtained using the optimal temperature policy for certain sets of parameters. The effects of activation energy groups, reaction and deactivation constant groups and inlet temperature on the optimal temperature policy under periodic operation are evaluated. In all cases an improvement in conversion with the optimal temperature policy under periodic operation over that with an isothermal policy under periodic operation is obtained. A suboptimal policy, comprising constant temperature over different reactor sections, which is useful for implementation purposes is also discussed. 相似文献
63.
Preeti Madhuri Pandey Suraj K. Nayak Gauri Shankar Shaw K. Uvanesh I. Banerjee S. M. Al-Zahrani 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2017,56(6):667-677
Agar–gelatin-based co-hydrogels were prepared with different compositions of the agar and the gelatin fractions. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding was higher in the co-hydrogels as compared to the gelatin hydrogel. Swelling studies indicated diffusion-mediated swelling. The electrical stability of the co-hydrogels was higher as compared to the gelatin hydrogel. Though the firmness of the co-hydrogels was higher, Weichert model of viscoelasticity indicated that the inherent mechanical stability of the gelatin hydrogel was superior. The release of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was predominately Fickian diffusion-mediated. In gist, the co-hydrogels can be tried as polymeric constructs for controlled drug delivery applications. 相似文献
64.
Gelatin‐carbohydrate phase‐separated hydrogels as bioactive carriers in vaginal delivery: Preparation and physical characterizations 下载免费PDF全文
Vinay Kumar Singh Sai Sateesh Sagiri Kunal Pal Shankar M. Khade Dillip K. Pradhan Mrinal K. Bhattacharya 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(13)
The current study focuses on the alteration of properties of the gelatin hydrogels using polysaccharides (e.g., maltodextrin, dextran, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) for probable use in vaginal delivery of antimicrobials. The hydrogels were prepared by varying the proportions of gelatin and polysaccharides and were characterized by microscopy, mechanical testing, and impedance spectroscopy. Metronidazole (MZ), drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, was incorporated within the hydrogels. In vitro release studies of MZ from the hydrogels was studied in‐depth using modified Franz's diffusion cell. Antimicrobial efficiency of the MZ‐loaded hydrogels was tested against E. coli and B. subtilis. The results suggested that the incorporation of polysaccharides resulted in the phase‐separated hydrogels. The properties of the hydrogels was found be suitable for vaginal delivery. The drug release and antimicrobial efficiency from the hydrogels suggested that the developed hydrogels may be used for the delivery of antimicrobials in the vaginal lumen. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40445. 相似文献
65.
66.
P. M. Shankar 《电信纪事》2013,68(7-8):477-483
Short term fading conditions that are worse than those existing in typical Nakagami channels can be modeled using the cascaded approach where the received signal-to-noise ratio is treated as the product of N identical or nonidentical random variables that are either dependent or independent. Cascaded channels also permit the modeling of fading seen in amplify and forward relaying channels as well as keyhole channels. The simplest of these models, referred to as the N*Nakagami model, assumes that the received signal to noise ratio is the product of N independent and identically distributed gamma variables. The fading mitigation achieved in such cascaded channels through diversity is studied in this work. Through analytical approach and simulation, the performance of wireless channels is examined for the selection combining, equal gain combining, generalized selection combining, and maximal ratio combining algorithms. Results demonstrate the existence of severe degradations in cascaded fading channels and the comparative usefulness of the various algorithms in improving the data transmission capabilities. Even though the analysis was undertaken for the case of a coherent binary shift keying modem, results can easily be extended to other modems. 相似文献
67.
Sagar Shankar Jagtap Rupali B. Awhad B. Santosh Pandit B. Vidyasagar 《Microgravity science and technology》2011,23(1):41-48
Microgravity, as a different environment, has been shown to affect plant growth and development (Sievers et al. 1996; Sack 1997). In the present study, effects of slow clinorotation (2 rpm) on growth and chlorophyll content in rice (variety: PRH-10)
seedlings were investigated. Rice seeds were clinorotated continuously for 3, 5 and 7 days under ambient conditions. Root
and shoot lengths and weights of rice seedlings were measured on the third, fifth and seventh day. Chlorophyll was extracted
using N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF). Absorption and fluorescence spectra of chlorophyll were recorded. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll
b and total chlorophyll contents were calculated from absorption spectra using Arnon’s method. Results showed an increase
in root and shoot lengths in clinorotated samples. Similar results were obtained for root and shoot weights. Absorption spectra
of chlorophyll showed no shift in the absorption peaks. Chlorophyll content was increased in clinorotated samples as compared
to the controls. Interestingly, the difference between chlorophyll content in control and clinorotated samples decreased as
the number of days of clinorotation increased. Chlorophyll a/b ratio was lowered in clinorotated samples as compared to the
controls. These results suggest that slow clinorotation (2 rpm) affects plant growth and chlorophyll content in rice seedlings. 相似文献
68.
Shankar SankararamanSankaran Mahadevan 《Reliability Engineering & System Safety》2011,96(9):1232-1241
This paper develops a methodology to assess the validity of computational models when some quantities may be affected by epistemic uncertainty. Three types of epistemic uncertainty regarding input random variables - interval data, sparse point data, and probability distributions with parameter uncertainty - are considered. When the model inputs are described using sparse point data and/or interval data, a likelihood-based methodology is used to represent these variables as probability distributions. Two approaches - a parametric approach and a non-parametric approach - are pursued for this purpose. While the parametric approach leads to a family of distributions due to distribution parameter uncertainty, the principles of conditional probability and total probability can be used to integrate the family of distributions into a single distribution. The non-parametric approach directly yields a single probability distribution. The probabilistic model predictions are compared against experimental observations, which may again be point data or interval data. A generalized likelihood function is constructed for Bayesian updating, and the posterior distribution of the model output is estimated. The Bayes factor metric is extended to assess the validity of the model under both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty and to estimate the confidence in the model prediction. The proposed method is illustrated using a numerical example. 相似文献
69.
Existing perspiration-based liveness detection algorithms need two successive images (captured in certain time interval),
hence they are slow and not useful for real-time applications. Liveness detection methods using extra hardware increase the
cost of the system. To alleviate these problems, we propose new curvelet-based method which needs only one fingerprint to
detect liveness. Wavelets are very effective in representing objects with isolated point singularities, but fail to represent
line and curve singularities. Curvelet transform allows representing singularities along curves in a more efficient way than
the wavelets. Ridges oriented in different directions in a fingerprint image are curved; hence curvelets are very significant
to characterize fingerprint texture. Textural measures based on curvelet energy and co-occurrence signatures are used to characterize
fingerprint image. Dimensionalities of feature sets are reduced by running Pudil’s sequential forward floating selection (SFFS)
algorithm. Curvelet energy and co-occurrence signatures are independently tested on three different classifiers: AdaBoost.M1,
support vector machine and alternating decision tree. Finally, all the aforementioned classifiers are fused using the “Majority
Voting Rule” to form an ensemble classifier. A fingerprint database consisting of 185 real, 90 Fun-Doh and 150 Gummy fingerprints
is created by using varieties of artificial materials for casts and moulds of spoof fingerprints. Performance of the new liveness
detection approach is found very promising, as it needs only one fingerprint and no extra hardware to detect vitality. 相似文献
70.
Adnan Ahmed Andrew J. Neely Krishna Shankar 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2011,42(3):795-815
This article studies the influence of nanometric (n-SiCp) and micrometric-scale SiC particulates (μ-SiCp) on the tensile properties of the Al 7075 alloy. The unreinforced Al and its composites were synthesized using the powder
metallurgy (P/M) route and were tested uniaxially in tension at both room and elevated temperatures. Aging behavior was studied
to observe any effect of the reinforcement on the aging kinetics and hardness of the composites. X-ray diffraction was performed
to determine the crystal structures of the raw materials and any reaction phase formed in the composites. The n-SiCp were not dispersed uniformly in the Al matrix and clustered mainly at the grain boundaries. The stiffness of the composites
increased and the ductility decreased with an increase in the volume fraction of the n-SiCp. The n-SiCp proved to be a better reinforcement than the traditional μ-SiCp in terms of imparting higher ductility to the composite. Fractography and microscopy using optical, scanning electron, and
transmission electron microscopes were performed for failure and microstructural analysis of all the materials. At room temperature,
the fracture altered from ductile in the unreinforced Al to brittle in the composites. At an elevated temperature, the fracture
mechanism transformed from brittle to ductile rupture in the composites. 相似文献