Spectroscopic investigation of (NH4)2S treated GaSeTe for radiation detector applications

The surface of the layered III-VI chalcogenide semiconductor GaSeTe was treated with (NH₄)₂S at 60 °C to modify the surface chemistry and determine the effect on transport properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence were used to examine the surface reactions and effect on surface defect states of the (NH₄)₂S treatment. Metal overlayers were deposited on the (NH₄)₂S treated surfaces and the I-V characteristics were measured. The measurements were correlated to understand the effect of (NH₄)₂S modification of the interfacial electronic structure with the goal of optimizing the metal/GaSeTe interface for radiation detector devices.     

Verschleißschutz für hochbelastete Umformwerkzeuge

Wear protection for heavy duty forming tools — PVD‐, CVD‐ and laser treatment The PVD‐ or CVD‐ coating of heavy duty tools for cold forging and metal sheet forming is a today's standard for a wide variety of applications in mass production. This article leads into this matter and demonstrates by means of some typical examples the state of the art.     

Complexity of the short-term heart-rate variability

This work has proposed a methodology based on the concept of entropy rates to study the complexity of the short-term heart-rate variability (HRV) for improving risk stratification to predict sudden cardiac death (SCD) of patients with established ischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). The short-term HRV was analyzed during daytime and nighttime by means of RR series. An entropy rate was calculated on the RR series, previously transformed to symbol sequences by means of an alphabet. A statistical analysis permitted to stratify high- and low-risk patients of suffering SCD, with a specificity (SP) of 95% and sensitivity (SE) of 83.3%.     

Chemical studies of CVD Cu deposited on Ta and TaN barriers under various process conditions

Contamination in the matrix of CVD copper films and at the interface between CVD copper films and barrier layers has been characterized using XPS, SIMS, XRD and RGA. Contamination in the CVD copper matrix has been found to increase with increasing precursor flow rate and with decreasing wafer temperature. Interfacial contamination has been investigated in an attempt to quantitatively define acceptable levels of contamination and ultimately reduce the effect of these contaminants on the integrated film stack. Sputtered copper flash layers for CVD copper deposition are also shown as highly effective for reducing the levels and effects of incorporated contamination.     

Zur Ermittlung des Energiebedarfs für Kunstlicht in Bürogebäuden – Diskussion von Meßresultaten

On determination of the electric lighting energy demand of non‐domestic buildings – discussion of measuring results Within the framework of a support programme “Energy Optimized Building” research und demonstration activities of energy‐saving non‐domestic buildings are supported since 1995. Amongst other publications two articles in this journa and a recently published book describe details on the support programme, the buildings and results. This paper deals with the evaluation of the use of daylight and electric lighting. Besides a comparison and results of the projects it focuses on the question how close to reality existing simulation or calculation tools predict the annual electric lighting energy demand.     

Stereochemische Untersuchungen heterocyclischer Verbindungen. III. [1] NMR-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen von 1-Dialkylamino-1H-1,2,4,6-thia(IV)triazinen

Stereochemical Investigations of Heterocyclic Compounds. III. N. M. R.-Spectroscopical Investigations of 1-Dialkylamino-1H-1, 2, 4, 6-thia (IV) triazines N. M. R.-Spectroscopical investigations of differently substituted 1-dialkylamino-1H-1,2,4,6-thia (IV)triazines show, that these systems are nonplanar. The results indicate, that in general neither the rotation about the exocyclic S N bond nor the inversion at the exocyclic nitrogen are hindered.     

Effect of degree of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on changes in serum albumin spectra in rats

Extreme rat hypothyreosis of identical degree was induced by radiothyroidectomy (group R-HT) and feeding of thyreostatics (groups MTU-HT and MMI-HT). External signs, growth kinetics, serum cholesterol, thyroid weight, and the iodothyrosine pattern of the thyroid glands served as references for the quality of the hypothyreotic state. Determinations of following changes (all changes significant for p less than 0.001): 1. Higher total serum protein levels in hypothyreotic rats 4 and 7 weeks after beginning the experiemnts as compared to the controls (KT). 2. After 4 weeks the relative albumin content was diminished, the relative gamma-globulin content was elevated as compared to the KT. The absolute values of albumines did not change, alpha-1-globuline and gamma-globuline contents were increased in all hypothyreotic groups. 3. After 7 weeks normal albumine values, increase of the relative and absolute alpha-1-globuline content, and decrease of the relative beta-globuline concentrations were measured. Elevated gamma-globulins were found in MMI-HT and R-HT only, and an increased absolute albumine content in MTU-HT alone. The results confirm both hyperproteinemia and dysproteinemia as characteristics of the rat hypothyreotic state. Dynamic changes of absolute and relative contents of different serum protein fractions are demonstrated in relation to the duration of hypothyreosis. This fact can possibly explain contradictory findings on type of dysproteinemia by several authors.