电子鼻模式识别算法的比较研究

文中比较了k-近邻法、线性判别分析、反向传播人工神经网络、概率神经网、学习向量量化以及自组织映射6种电子鼻模式识别算法的分类能力.采用了1个定量指标(识别精度)和4个定性指标(运算速度、训练速度、内存容量、抗干扰能力)对不同算法进行了系统比较.研究表明基于神经网络的模式识别算法比基于统计理论的模式识别算法具有更高的识别精度.如果同时考虑定性指标,当训练速度要求不高时,宜采用学习向量量化算法;能满足内存需求前提下,优先推荐采用概率神经网算法.对于选择性高的信号,采用线性判别分析可以达到最佳效果.     

一种高精度超声测距方法的研究

本文介绍了一种基于超声波循环反射测量原理的高精度超声测距方法 ,并给出了以单片机为核心的测距系统的组成 .本测量法克服了多次反射法中对回波脉冲个数的限制 ,经温度补偿后测量精度得到了明显改善 .     

Mast cell activation is not required for induction of airway hyperresponsiveness by ozone in mice

Exposure to ambient ozone (O3) is associated with increased exacerbations of asthma. We sought to determine whether mast cell degranulation is induced by in vivo exposure to O3 in mice and whether mast cells play an essential role in the development of pulmonary pathophysiological alterations induced by O3. For this we exposed mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-kitW/kitW-v (kitW/kitW-v) mice and the congenic normal WBB6F1 (+/+) mice to air or to 1 or 3 parts/million O3 for 4 h and studied them at different intervals from 4 to 72 h later. We found evidence of O3-induced cutaneous, as well as bronchial, mast cell degranulation. Polymorphonuclear cell influx into the pulmonary parenchyma was observed after exposure to 1 part/milllion O3 only in mice that possessed mast cells. Airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine measured in vivo under pentobarbital anesthesia was observed in both kitW/kitW-v and +/+ mice after exposure to O3. Thus, although mast cells are activated in vivo by O3 and participate in O3-induced polymorphonuclear cell infiltration into the pulmonary parenchyma, they do not participate detectably in the development of O3-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.     

Novel antitumor 2-cyanoaziridine-1-carboxamides

A set of 20 2-cyanoaziridine-1-carboxamides was synthesized from 2-cyanoaziridine and appropriate isocyanates. These compounds were active against a variety of solid and hematological tumor cells in culture, including strains resistant to doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Their potencies in these assays correlated with the lipophilicity of substituents. The N-phenyl derivative was more potent and equally effective to imexon, a cyclized 2-cyanoaziridine-1-carboxamide of clinical interest, against cloned fresh human tumors.     

The material basis for reduced mechanical properties in oim mice bones

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a heritable disease caused by molecular defects in type I collagen, is characterized by skeletal deformities and brittle bones. The heterozygous and homozygous oim mice (oim/+ and oim/oim) exhibit mild and severe OI phenotypes, respectively, serving as controlled animal models of this disease. In the current study, bone geometry, mechanics, and material properties of 1-year-old mice were evaluated to determine factors that influence the severity of phenotype in OI. The oim/oim mice exhibited significantly smaller body size, femur length, and moment of area compared with oim/+ and wild-type (+/+) controls. The oim/oim femur mechanical properties of failure torque and stiffness were 40% and 30%, respectively, of the +/+ values, and 53% and 36% of the oim/+ values. Collagen content was reduced by 20% in the oim/oim compared with +/+ bone and tended to be intermediate to these values for the oim/+. Mineral content was not significantly different between the oim/oim and +/+ bones. However, the oim/oim ash content was significantly reduced compared with that of the oim/+. Mineral carbonate content was reduced by 23% in the oim/oim bone compared with controls. Mineral crystallinity was reduced in the oim/oim and oim/+ bone compared with controls. Overall, for the majority of parameters examined (geometrical, mechanical, and material), the oim/+ values were intermediate to those of the oim/oim and +/+, a finding that parallels the phenotypes of the mice. This provides evidence that specific material properties, such as mineral crystallinity and collagen content, are indicative and possibly predictive of bone fragility in this mouse model, and by analogy in human OI.     

The effects of triethanolamine myristate, a fatty acid salt, on the bioavailability of riboflavin in dogs

A study in dogs was performed in which a physiologic approach to delaying gastric emptying was examined. Triethanolamine myristate (a fatty acid salt) was used to delay gastric emptying in hopes of increasing the bioavailability of riboflavin. A bilayer tablet consisting of triethanolamine myristate and riboflavin resulted in an absolute bioavailability of 2-3 times greater than the bioavailability of riboflavin alone. Increases in bioavailability although to a lesser extent, were also seen with the 30 min pretreatment with triethanolamine myristate. The results suggest that it was possible to delay gastric emptying.