电流辅助对铆钉压铆过程及连接性能的影响

钛合金铆钉在塑性成型过程中存在变形抗力大、变形不均匀等问题。在铆接过程中引入电流辅助铆接技术可有效提升钛合金铆钉的铆接质量,其原理为通过在铆接过程中施加电流,改善金属铆钉塑性,提高铆钉的可加工性。以TA2M航空用铆钉为研究对象,研究了6种电流密度水平下铆钉的温升过程与成型效果,并开展拉伸试验与疲劳试验研究铆接件的力学性能。研究发现,通电会在较短时间内产生显著的焦耳热效应,这对难变形的钛合金铆钉来说是一种有效的热软化手段;通电带来的铆钉软化效应极大降低了加工难度,改善了镦头的成型效果;当通以电流密度为26 A/mm²的电流时,压铆力降低了24.69%,且镦头直径增大了6.80%,高度降低了14.04%,更加接近标准所要求的尺寸;电流辅助铆接技术对钛合金板连接件静态拉伸强度的影响不显著,但可有效提升连接件的疲劳寿命。     

Phase Equilibrium Characteristics of CO2 and Ionic Liquids with [FAP]-Anion Used for Absorption-Compression Refrigeration Working Pairs

The study of the phase equilibrium characteristics of CO₂-ionic liquids(ILs)as new absorption-compression type refrigeration working pairs is of great importance.Three kinds of ILs,i.e.,[emim][FAP],[bmim][FAP]and[hmim][FAP],were chosen as potential absorbents.The solubility of CO₂in these ILs was measured experimentally within 0 to 5.0 MPa at temperatures of 293.15 K to 333.15 K,and the effects of temperature,pressure,IL anion and cation structure and stirring action on CO₂solubility were also discussed and analyzed.The results showed that the longer alkyl chains in an identical IL family,the alkyl fluoride group in IL anions and the stirring action by a magnetic stirrer had positive effects on the solubility of CO₂.In the three ILs,[hmim][FAP]possessed the best performance for CO₂absorption;the solubility of CO₂reached 0.7641 at a pressure of 5 MPa and temperature of 293.15 K,the maximum solubility measured in this work.The CO₂-[hmim][FAP]binary mixture is recommended as a potentially applicable working pair for CO₂absorption-compression refrigeration systems.     

Numerical Simulation Study on Cooling Characteristics of a New Type of Film Hole

A new type of film cooling hole with micro groove structure is presented in this paper.Based on the finite volume method and the Realizable k-εmodel,the film cooling process of the hole in a flat plate structure is simulated.The surface temperature distribution and film cooling effect of different film cooling holes were analyzed.The effects of micro-groove structure on wall attachment and cooling efficiency of jet were discussed.The results show that under the same conditions,the transverse coverage width and overall protective area of the new micro-groove holes are larger than those of the ordinary cylindrical holes and special-shaped holes.Compared with ordinary holes,the new micro-groove holes can better form the film covering on the surface and enhance the overall film cooling efficiency of the wall.For example,when the blowing ratio M=1.5,the effective coverage ratio of micro-groove holes is 1.5 times the dustpan holes and is 8 times the traditional cylindrical holes.It provides reference data and experience rules for the optimization and selection of advanced cooling structure of high performance aero-gas engine hot-end components.     

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Microchannel with Inlet Cavitation Structure

Heat transfer of R134 a through the microchannel with an inlet reentrant cavitation structure was investigated for high flux thermal management of electronic devices.The cavitating flow patterns,pressure,and heat transfer characteristics were studied in the range of effective heat fluxes from 0 to 138.4 W/cm2 with mass flow velocities from 2.12 to 5.23 m/s.A stable and ideal starting point of two phase flow and heat transfer was commendably provided by the inlet cavitation orifice.There existed an axis deviation liquid jet after the micro-orifice.The refrigeration vapor was generated from the cavitation structure but liquidized at the downstream of the channel.The wall temperature along flow orientation presented an opposite trend under the test states with or without heat input.The cavitation structure can significantly suppress the flow oscillation in microchannels and the outlet pressure fluctuation reduced about 72%compared with the fluctuation at the entrance.The heat transfer coefficient had been distinctly impacted by heat flux at lower heat input and then maintained the value nearly constant of 11.0 W/(cm²·K)with the critical heat flux of 88.4 W/cm2.     

Numerical Investigations of Film Cooling Characteristics of Interrupted Slot and Trench Holes on a Vane Endwall

This paper describes film cooling characteristics of the novel combined configuration employing interrupted slot and trench holes on a vane endwall.Interrupted ...     

Effect of Intake Air Humidification and EGR on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine at Advanced Injection Timing

The trade-off between NO_x-soot and ISFC (Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption) brings new challenges for the development and application of innovative techniques that could reduce the NO_x-soot emissions of diesel engine simultaneously with the lowest possible fuel penalty.In this study,the two coupling measures,advanced SOI (start of injection) respectively coupled with intake air humidification (IAH) and EGR,were used to achieve lower NO_x-soot emissions than the original engine while minimizing the increase in ISFC.Numerical studies were conducted on a four-stroke supercharged intercooled marine diesel engine under 75%loads at 1350 r/min by using AVL Fire code.The advanced SOI varied from 14.5°CA BTDC to 20°CA BTDC;humidity ratio ranged from 0 to 100%in increments of 20%,and EGR rate ranged from 0 to 25%in increments of 5%.The technical route to achieve Tier III emission standards was also analyzed in this paper.The result indicates that lower in-cylinder pressure,temperature and NO_x emissions,higher ISFC and soot emissions are observed when only IAH or EGR technology is applied,while opposite trends are found when only using advanced SOI.The proper combination of different SOI respectively with humidity ratio and EGR rate can improve the trade-off relationship between NO_x and soot.Meanwhile,the increase in ISFC is improved by using advanced SOI under high EGR rate or humidity ratio.Compared with the advanced SOI coupled with EGR,advanced SOI coupled with IAH results in less loss of ISFC.Analysis results reveal that both above-mentioned coupling measures can achieve low NO_x-soot emissions while ensuring that ISFC does not increase.As expected,there are nine combinations of advanced SOI coupled EGR that can achieve NO emissions to meet the Tier III standard,while advanced SOI coupled IAH has only one combination to meet this regulation.     

长螺旋压灌扩底桩新施工工艺特点及工程优势浅析

普通钻孔灌注桩在施工过程中常造成倾斜过大、断桩、偏移、钻孔偏斜、桩承载力低、颈缩、孔壁坍塌和孔底沉渣等工程问题。通过对普通钻孔灌注桩施工工艺和长螺旋压灌扩底桩新施工工艺进行对比分析,对长螺旋压灌扩底桩的同步技术、振捣插筋逆作法、特制扩底钻头扩底技术、钻孔成桩一体化和压力灌注进行阐述,总结出长螺旋压灌扩底桩新施工工艺应用于工程中具有成桩质量好、经济性好、单桩承载力高、施工效率高和适用性好等工程优势。     

国内外能源利用效率比较及对我国的启示

经济增长与能源消耗之间有着密切的关系。通过对快速增长的新兴经济体以及经历类似阶段的发达国家的能源利用效率的比较和政策的分析,指出我国能源问题的原因在于生活、建筑能耗方面及高耗能行业的过度消耗,进而提出规范市场、优化产业结构等政策建议,从而实现使经济发展走上资源节约型、环境友好型的良性循环这一目标。     

改善凝汽器运行工况降低机组蒸汽消耗

凝汽器是将汽轮机的排汽凝结成水增大蒸汽作功焓降,提高循环热效率的重要设备,凝汽器的运行工况对电厂运行的经济性有重要影响。通过对1台6MW机组端差大、真空低等问题的排查和最终解决,阐述了维持换热面清洁的重要性,提出了凝汽器真空低的排除及解决的有效方法。     

长江大保护下补短板工程的生态治理理念

在长江大保护框架下,针对目前补短板工程治理现状提出河道治理需要融入生态治理理念,可通过建立重要河段水生态保护模拟器,模拟河道系统的污染物、植被措施、水雨情等的变化,既能反映整条河道水生态环境、水量、污染物消纳状况,又能对局部河道的水生态特征进行诊断分析,以便对局部水体的管治提出合理有效的对策,避免局部河段的超标引发整条河道的水生态及水环境恶化。