On the treatment of boundary conditions by the method of artificial parameters

A procedure to deal with various boundary conditions in the Rayleigh-Ritz method is discussed herein, namely, the method of artificial parameters. The method is then applied to solve a simple string problem; results obtained compare very nicely with exact solutions.     

Molecular layer deposition of an organic-based magnetic semiconducting laminate

Organic-based magnets are intriguing materials with unique magnetic and electronic properties that can be tailored by chemical methodology. By using molecular layer deposition (MLD), we demonstrate the thin film fabrication of V[TCNE: tetracyanoethylene](x), of the first known room temperature organic-based magnet. The resulting films exhibit improvement in surface morphology, larger coercivity (80 Oe), and higher Curie temperature/thermal stability (up to 400 K). Recently, the MLD method has been widely studied to implement fine control of organic film growth for various applications. This work broadens its application to magnetic and charge transfer materials and opens new opportunities for metal-organic hybrid material development and their applications in various multilayer film device structures. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the multilayer V[TCNE](x) as a spin injector combining LSMO, an standard inorganic magnetic semiconductor, for spintronics applications.     

IEEE802．15．4的MAC协议实现

IEEE802．15．4协议是无线传感网中多采用的一种低速率、低功耗、低成本的无线通信协议。Imote2是Intel公司推出的高集成度的无线传感器平台。文中介绍了Imote2平台以及IPF．FS02．15．4协议,及网络驱动程序的体系结构,给出了实现IEEE802．15．4的MAC协议过程中的关键函数,还对MAC协议实现中的中断服务响应以及时钟等关键问题进行了描述。并分别对节点的工作性能及组网时节点的性能及损耗进行了测试,给出了系统的性能。结果显示,该种实现方法有效地保证了系统的性能并且可以达到无线传感网组网需求。     

Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review

Muscle wasting, known to develop in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a deleterious consequence of numerous complications associated with deteriorated renal function. Muscle wasting in CKD mainly involves dysregulated muscle protein metabolism and impaired muscle cell regeneration. In this narrative review, we discuss the cardinal role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin signaling pathways, which have been extensively investigated using animal and human studies, as well as the emerging concepts in microRNA- and gut microbiota-mediated regulation of muscle mass and myogenesis. To ameliorate muscle loss, therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise programs, pharmacological interventions, and physical modalities, are being increasingly developed based on advances in understanding its underlying pathophysiology.     

Quantification of non-homogeneity from ocean remote-sensing images using two-dimensional continuous wavelet transforms

In this study, a two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is applied to quantify the non-homogeneity from remote-sensing wave images. Our study shows that the non-homogeneity index, which is proposed here, is capable of identifying the degree of non-homogeneity from the wave-field images. However, the influence from the edges of the wave-field image should be considered in analysis. The calculated results from the simulated wave fields and from the natural wave-field images reveal that the non-homogeneity index is influenced by the bathymetry inside the area of the ocean-wave image. It conforms to the character of the natural wave non-homogeneity. After discussing the wave characteristics from the wave-field image with a high non-homogeneity index, an inhomogeneous algorithm is recommended for obtaining accurate and reasonable wave results from the wave image.     

Investigation of growth behavior of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds in Cu wire bonding

In this work, we investigate the intermetallic compound formation in Cu wire bonded device. Voids near the Cu side at the bond interface are clearly seen. Nevertheless, these voids do not seem to interfere with the function of the unit. High temperature storage test (HTST) results show that there are Al₂Cu and AlCu in the damaged unit while Al₂Cu and Al₄Cu₉ appear in the good unit. The results clearly show that the Al layer is exhausted in the damaged unit while those with Al₄Cu₉ on the Cu side pass HTST with unconsumed Al. Theoretical calculations indicate that AlCu and Al₄Cu₉ are energetically more favorable than Al₂Cu, which is consistent with the reported IMC forming sequence. Formation energy of AlCu is compatible but slightly lower to that of Al₄Cu₉, suggesting AlCu tends to be the most stable phase among all. The reason why the Al layer is completely consumed in one case and some Al layer remains in the other is due to the fact that the formation of AlCu requires more than twice the amount of Al than Al₄Cu₉ for the same amount of Cu consumed. The complete consumption of Al is proposed as the reason responsible for the failure of the damaged unit.     

Deformation Structure of Unidirectionally Compressed Ultrafine-Grained Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloys with gain sizes ranging from 0.46 to 3.22 μm were prepared by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing. The deformation structure of UFG AZ31 alloy resulting from uniaxial compression was studied by optical and electron microscopy. The deformation was noted to proceed with the development of shear bands (SBs), which has not been reported in an UFG hcp metal. Characterization of these SBs was performed, and comparison with the SBs formed in UFG bcc and fcc metals was given. { 10[`1]2} { 10bar{1}2} tension twins inside SBs were found in all specimens compressed, irrespective of the grain size. Discussion on the limiting grain size of twinning in the UFG AZ31 alloy is also given.     

SHM1: A multicopy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive null mutation in the HMG1-like abf2 gene

HM, an HMG1-like mitochondrial DNA-binding protein, is required for maintenance of the yeast mitochondrial genome when cells are grown in glucose. To better understand the role of HM in mitochondria, we have isolated several multicopy suppressors of the temperature-sensitive defect associated with an abf2 null mutation (lacking HM protein). One of these suppressors, SHM1, has been characterized at the molecular level and is described herein. SHM1 encodes a protein (SHM1p) that shares sequence similarity to a family of mitochondrial carrier proteins. On glycerol medium, where mitochondrial function is required for growth, shm1 deletion mutants are able to grow, whereas shm1 abf2 double mutants are severely inhibited. These results suggest that SHM1p plays an accessory role to HM in the mitochondrion. The GenBank Accession Number for the SHM1 sequence is U08352.     

Self-assisted wound healing using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators

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