全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2255篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学工业 | 9篇 |
金属工艺 | 1篇 |
矿业工程 | 1篇 |
轻工业 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 5篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1篇 |
冶金工业 | 2237篇 |
自动化技术 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 1篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 70篇 |
1998年 | 736篇 |
1997年 | 371篇 |
1996年 | 267篇 |
1995年 | 131篇 |
1994年 | 112篇 |
1993年 | 120篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 67篇 |
1976年 | 160篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2258条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
122.
JT Green GA Thomas J Rhodes BK Evans MA Russell C Feyerabend GS Fuller RG Newcombe WJ Sandborn 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,61(3):340-348
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis is largely a disease of nonsmokers, and transdermal nicotine is of therapeutic value in the active disease. Because side effects are common, we developed a topical enema formulation of nicotine. OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of nicotine complexed with a polyacrylic carbomer and administered by enema to eight healthy volunteers and to eight patients with active ulcerative colitis, verified sigmoidoscopically. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All 16 subjects were nonsmokers. The mean age for normal subjects was 33 years; the mean for patients with ulcerative colitis was 60 years. Median stool frequency for patients with ulcerative colitis was four daily. Patients were taking 5-amino salicylic acid compounds and five were taking oral prednisolone (median dose, 12 mg daily). Nicotine, 6 mg, complexed with carbomer 974P, 400 mg, was administered in a 100 ml enema after an overnight fast, with serial blood measurements taken over 8 hours. Serum nicotine and cotinine were measured by gas liquid chromatography. Area under the concentration-time curves were calculated by the trapezoidal method, and the terminal elimination half-life was derived by extrapolation of the log-linear terminal phase. RESULTS: With the exception of nicotine time to reach peak concentration, which was longer in patients (median of 60 minutes compared with 45 minutes; p < 0.005), other comparisons between normal subjects and patients showed no statistically significant difference, although there was considerable inter-subject variation. Maximum concentration of nicotine, 8.1 +/- 3.5 ng/ml, in the 16 subjects occurred after a median of 60 minutes (range, 30 to 180 minutes); maximum cotinine concentrations of 60.4 +/- 11.5 ng/ml occurred after 4 hours. Side effects in five subjects were mild (four subjects) or moderate (one subject) and included lightheadedness, nausea, and headache; these five subjects were female lifelong nonsmokers of low body weight. CONCLUSION: Because most of the active ingredient of nicotine is converted to continine on the first pass through the liver, substantial concentrations can be achieved at the site of disease with only modest rises in serum nicotine, which are responsible for side effects; cotinine has low pharmacologic activity. Topical administration of nicotine may be useful treatment for distal ulcerative colitis. 相似文献
123.
A hitherto ignored microvillous cell type, distinct from microvillous supporting cells and other microvillous cell types, was encountered in olfactory and respiratory epithelia of nasal turbinates of rat fetuses, near the transition between these two epithelia. The apex of the cell resembles the apices of vestibular hair cells. The cell has a cone-shaped bundle of microvilli, resembling the complex bundle of hair-cell stereocilia, accompanied by a cilium. Therefore we called this cell type the nasal hair cell. Cilium and microvilli seemed adhered. Cell numbers were very low, up to about 5 per turbinate. The cell's appearance is precocious compared to that of olfactory receptor and supporting cells. Also, while the apices of olfactory receptor and supporting cells and of ciliated respiratory cells underwent major morphological maturation during the developmental period from embryonic day 16 to day 21, the apical structures of the nasal hair cell only changed marginally from embryonic day 16, when they were first seen, through to at least embryonic day 21. The cell's location and precociously mature appearance suggests that it plays a special role in the development of nasal epithelia. 相似文献
124.
IAPs comprise a family of inhibitors of apoptosis found in viruses and animals. In vivo binding studies demonstrated that both baculovirus and Drosophila IAPs physically interact with an apoptosis-inducing protein of Drosophila, Reaper (RPR), through their baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) region. Expression of IAPs blocked RPR-induced apoptosis and resulted in the accumulation of RPR in punctate perinuclear locations which coincided with IAP localization. When expressed alone, RPR rapidly disappeared from the cells undergoing RPR-induced apoptosis. Expression of P35, a caspase inhibitor, also blocked RPR-induced apoptosis and delayed RPR decline, but RPR remained cytoplasmic in its location. Mutational analysis of RPR demonstrated that caspases were not directly responsible for RPR disappearance. The physical interaction of IAPs with RPR provides a molecular mechanism for IAP inhibition of RPR's apoptotic activity. 相似文献
125.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Major trauma or abdominal injury may lead to the development of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the onset of the abdominal compartment syndrome. Although the effect of raised IAP on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics have been described, the consequences of the resultant gut hypoperfusion in this setting are unknown. Bacterial translocation (BT) occurs after a period of splanchnic ischemia and may contribute to later organ failure. A rodent model was used to examine the effect of raised IAP on ileal mucosal blood flow (MBF) and BT. IAP was increased to 25 mm Hg for 60 minutes and mean arterial blood pressure was maintained with fluid. Animals were killed 24 hours later and examined for BT. RESULTS: Increased IAP resulted in a decrease of MBF to 63% of baseline despite maintaining normal mean arterial blood pressure. BT occurred principally to the mesenteric lymph nodes after 60 minutes of IAP at 25 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IAP leads to decreased MBF and to BT, which may contribute to later septic complications and organ failure. 相似文献
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
We focused on contextual patterns in the portrayals of television violence. Patterns are constructed by comparing contextual cues at one level of the television show, such as the macrolevel of the entire program, with the contextual cues at a more microlevel, such as the violent interaction. When the two sets of cues match on characteristics such as harm to victims and punishment to perpetrators, there is a consistent pattern of context across levels. To the extent that there is consistency in contextual cues across narrative levels, viewers' interpretations are likely to be reinforced. To the extent that there is inconsistency in cues across narrative levels, viewers, especially children, can become confused. We found more evidence of consistency than inconsistency across levels, but a high degree of that consistency reinforces the interpretation that violence is frequently unpunished and socially acceptable. 相似文献