Grooming in the rat as an aftereffect of lateral hypothalamic stimulation

Grooming occurred as an aftereffect of electrical stimulation at hypothalamic sites that elicited locomotion, drinking, or eating as stimulus-bound behaviors. Removal of food or water, which caused rats to switch from one stimulus-bound behavior to another, produced little or no change in the grooming aftereffect. Stimulation with pulse showed that the absolute refractory period for the neurons responsible for the occurrence of grooming is approximately 1 msec. This value is longer than those reported for drinking, eating, and locomotion. Finally, it was found that with some electrodes, low levels of stimulation elicited grooming directly, during the stimulation; at higher levels grooming occurred only as an aftereffect. It is concluded that grooming is activated through neurons separate from those that produce drinking, eating, or locomotion and that its occurrence as an aftereffect may be due to an interaction between short-lasting inhibitory and longer lasting excitatory effects of the stimulation.     

A study of the fluctuating factors in the seminiferous epithelial cycle in mice with special attention to statistical studies on diurnal fluctuations and on variations due to testes and testis loci in the relative frequencies of the stages

The influence of the testis and loci within testes on diurnal variations and fluctuations in the seminiferous epithelial cycle was investigated in 30 50-60 day old mice. Histological examination of the seminiferous tubules revealed a typical cellular arrangement for each stage of spermatogenesis in virtually all of the specimens. No apparent diurnal fluctuations were observed in the relative frequency of the various stages between specimens obtained at 6 different times of sacrifice or among the uniform periods over a 24-hour period. However, a significant (p less than .05) difference in the frequencies of the stages was observed between testes among individuals and loci within testes.     

海绵钛生产工艺概述

概述了生产海绵钛的几种工艺,如：克劳尔法、享特法、电解还原法和TiO2电解法（FFC剑桥工艺）,着重介绍目前最具创新性的TiO2电解法,对比分析了各自特点,认为任何一种生产工艺都各有利弊。     

Brachytherapy in early prostate cancer--early experience

Intravenous lidocaine has been reported to alleviate vertigo in Meniere's disease and suggested as a possible antivertigo agent after unilateral labyrinthectomy in a study of cats. To further evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine on the acute phase of postural compensation, we subjected 13 pigmented guinea pigs to unilateral labyrinthectomy. Seven received intravenous lidocaine (4 mg/kg) immediately after labyrinthectomy. The other six served as controls and received an equivalent-volume injection of normal saline solution. Total body curvature, trunk curvature, yaw head tilt, and roll head tilt were measured at frequent intervals for up to 30 hours after surgery. Both groups had immediate difficulties with posturing that gradually improved. The lidocaine group tended to exhibit delayed postural compensation, but this was only statistically significant for roll head tilt. These results do not show improvement in postural compensation from unilateral labyrinthectomy after the administration of intravenous lidocaine. A species-specific effect on the vestibular pathways is suggested, and we conclude that further evaluation of lidocaine and the vestibular system is warranted.