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61.
The often-vitriolic debate on intelligence testing, affirmative action, and educational policy encompasses issues of deep social, political, economical, and emotional significance to all Americans. This special theme issue focuses on the current thinking of leading scholars in the areas of intelligence testing, affirmative action, and educational policy. This introduction to the theme issue begins with an overview of key data and observations that place the debate into sharper focus. Next, the major areas of scholarly work relevant to the debate are reviewed. Finally, the contributors and their major points of view are introduced to orient the reader for the journey through the 21 articles and commentary that comprise this volume. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
62.
Yi-Chun Chen Yii-Der I. Chen Xiaohui Li Wendy Post David Herrington Joseph F. Polak Jerome I. Rotter Kent D. Taylor 《Lipids》2009,44(8):733-743
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis. To investigate the contribution of the HMGCR gene to lipids and lipoprotein subfractions in different ethnicities, we performed an association study in the Multi-Ethnic
Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In total, 2,444 MESA subjects [597 African-Americans (AA), 627 Chinese-Americans (CHA), 612
European-Americans (EA), and 608 Hispanic-Americans (HA)] without statin use were included. Participants had measurements
of blood pressure, anthropometry, and fasting blood samples. Subjects were genotyped for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs). After excluding SNPs with minor allele frequency <5%, a single block was constructed. The most frequent haplotype
was H1 (41–56%) in all ethnic groups except AA (H2a, 44.9%). Lower triglyceride level was associated with the H2a haplotype
in AA and H2 in HA. In HA, H4 carriers had higher levels of triglyceride and small low-density lipoprotein (s-LDL), and lower
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), while carriers with H7 or H8 had associations with these traits in the opposite
direction. No significant association was discovered in both CHA and EA. The total variation for triglyceride that could be
explained by H2 alone was 2.6% in HA and 1.4% in AA. In conclusion, HMGCR gene variation is associated with multiple lipid/lipoprotein traits, especially with triglyceride, s-LDL, and HDL-c. The
impact of the genetic variance is modest and differs greatly among ethnicities. 相似文献
63.
64.
Umphress Elizabeth E.; Simmons Aneika L.; Boswell Wendy R.; Triana María del Carmen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,93(5):982
The authors examined one manner in which to decrease the negative impact of social dominance orientation (SDO), an individual difference variable that indicates support for the "domination of 'inferior' groups by 'superior' groups" (J. Sidanius & F. Pratto, 1999, p. 48), on the selection of candidates from low-status groups within society. Consistent with the tenets of social dominance theory, in 2 studies we found that those high in SDO reported that they were less likely to select a potential team member who is a member of a low-status group (i.e., a White female in Study 1 and a Black male in Study 2) than those low in SDO. However, explicit directives from an authority moderated this effect such that those high in SDO were more likely to select both candidates when authority figures clearly communicated that job performance indicators should be used when choosing team members. Thus, our studies suggest that the negative effects of SDO may be attenuated if those high in SDO are instructed by superiors to use legitimate performance criteria to evaluate job candidates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
65.
Blanchard Chris M.; Courneya Kerry S.; Rodgers Wendy M.; Daub Bill; Knapik Grant 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,47(3):308
Objective: To evaluate the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise motivation during and after Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Design and Participants: Patients (57 men and 24 women) completed a TPB questionnaire that included attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and exercise intentions pre- and post-Phase 2 CR. Results: During Phase 2 CR, regression analyses indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 38% of the variance in exercise intention while intention explained 23% of the variance in exercise adherence. At postrehabilitation follow-up, attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC explained 51 % of the variance in exercise intention while intention explained 23% of the variance in exercise adherence. Conclusion: The TPB is a useful framework for understanding exercise intentions and behavior both during and after Phase 2 CR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
66.
Spanos Nicholas P.; Cross Wendy P.; Lepage Mark; Coristine Marjorie 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1986,95(1):21
60 18–44 yr old undergraduates listened to a 60-sec sample of glossolalia (defined to them as pseudolanguage) and then attempted to produce glossolalia on a 30-sec baseline trial. Afterward, half of the Ss received 2 training sessions that included audio- and videotaped samples of glossolalia interspersed with opportunities to practice glossolalia. Also, live modeling of glossolalia, direct instruction, and encouragement were provided by an experimenter. Both the trained Ss and untreated controls attempted to produce glossolalia on a 30-sec posttest trial. About 20% of Ss exhibited fluent glossolalia on the baseline trial, and training significantly enhanced fluency. 70% of trained Ss spoke fluent glossolalia on the posttest. Findings are more consistent with social learning than with altered state conceptions of glossolalia. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
67.
68.
The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation as an intervention for substance misuse. Patients with substance use disorders entering long-term residential care (N = 160) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (a) standard treatment plus computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (CACR), which was designed to improve cognitive performance in areas such as problem solving, attention, memory, and information processing speed; and (b) an equally intensive attention control condition consisting of standard treatment plus a computer-assisted typing tutorial (CATT). Participants were assessed at baseline, during treatment, at treatment completion, and 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses showed that, compared with those randomized to CATT, patients who received CACR were significantly more engaged in treatment (e.g., higher ratings of positive participation by treatment staff, higher ratings of therapeutic alliance), more committed to treatment (e.g., longer stays in residence) and reported better long-term outcomes (e.g., higher percentage of days abstinent after treatment). Mediational analyses revealed the positive comparative effect of CACR on abstinence during the year after treatment was mediated by treatment engagement and length of stay in residence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
69.
Keller Jennifer; Nitschke Jack B.; Bhargava Tina; Deldin Patricia J.; Gergen John A.; Miller Gregory A.; Heller Wendy 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2000,109(1):3
The high comorbidity of depression and anxiety is well established empirically but not well understood conceptually, in terms of either psychological or biological mechanisms. A neuropsychological model of regional brain activity in emotion provides contrasting hypotheses for depression and anxiety, with depression associated with a relative decrease and anxiety with a relative increase in right-posterior activity. These hypotheses received support in a comparison of individuals diagnosed with depression and community controls, and also in a separate study of nonpatients administered a measure of perceptual asymmetry. Hierarchical regressions revealed that depression and anxiety were uniquely and jointly associated with perceptual asymmetry. In light of consistent empirical support for the model, implications for conceptualizations of the comorbidity of depression and anxiety are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
70.
Wendy Macias Karen Hilyard Vicki Freimuth 《Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication》2009,15(1):1-31
Blogs were examined during the 2 weeks after Hurricane Katrina hit the U.S. city of New Orleans to better understand what risk and crisis communication functions they served. The 4 major functions—communication, political, information, and helping—included both filtering and linking about rescue needs and efforts, missing persons, ways to offer and find assistance, fostering community, and providing information on damage and government response. A thinker function was fulfilled where bloggers expressed opinions, especially on government response. An additional function not previously delineated was identified, which might be termed emotive or therapeutic. In addition, several of the blog functions indicate the role the Internet plays in maintaining a sense of community in times of crisis. 相似文献