Knowledge and reported use of sport science by elite New Zealand Olympic class sailors

The male holotype and female allotype of Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) macaensis Ribeiro, a new mosquito species from Macau, southern China, are described on the basis of the examination of a type series of 6 males and 7 females. Similarities of the new species with the other species of the Splendens group, to which the new taxon belongs, are discussed and keys to identification of males and females of all the species of the group are provided.     

Omni-directional guided wave transducer arrays for the rapid inspection of large areas of plate structures

Omni-directional guided wave array transducers contain a circular pattern of elements that individually behave as omni-directional point transmitters or receivers. The data set acquired from such an array contains time-domain signals from each permutation of transmitter and receiver. A phased addition algorithm is developed that allows an omni-directional, B-scan image of the surrounding plate to be synthesized from any geometry of array. Numerically simulated data from a single reflector is used to test the performance of the algorithm. The results from an array containing a fully populated circular area of elements (Type I array) are found to be good, but those from an array containing a single ring of elements (Type II array) contain many large side-lobes. An enhancement to the basic phased addition algorithm is presented that uses deconvolution to suppress these side-lobes. The deconvolution algorithm enables a Type II array to equal the performance of a Type I array of the same overall diameter. The effect of diameter on angular resolution is investigated. Experimental data obtained from a guided wave array containing electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) elements for exciting and detecting the S/sub 0/ Lamb wave mode in a 5-mm thick aluminium plate are processed with both algorithms and the results are discussed.     

Epitaxial growth and structure of CdS films evaporated onto Ge

CdS evaporated in vacuum grew epitaxially at all substrate temperatures from 300 to 500° C on (100), (110) and (111) surfaces of germanium. On (100) substrates the CdS grew with the sphalerite structure in parallel orientation to the substrate. Films grown throughout the epitaxial range of temperature gave diffraction patterns that contained no satellite spots. They all contained 111 streaking, however. The films were therefore free of threedimensional defects but contained a high density of {111} planar defects. On the (110) substrates the CdS grew with the sphalerite structure in parallel orientation for substrate temperatures below about 370° C and the diffraction patterns of these films were free of satellite spots but contained 111 streaks of low intensity. In the diffraction patterns of the films grown above about 370° C doubling of the spots appeared and a domain structure was observed in the micrographs. This was due to the occurrence of a domain-form phase transformation of the sphalerite structure. On the (111) substrates the CdS grew with the wurtzite structure in (0001) orientation. No satellite spots or streaks appeared in the diffraction patterns of these films. Moiré fringes were seen in the micrographs of both (100) and (111) substrate specimens.     

Capillary-infiltrated conductors in ceramics

The infiltration of high conductivity metals into capillaries in ceramic structures have been reported by Schwartz and Wilcox. Others have used the infiltration concept for the fabrication of composite structures for a variety of reasons, thermal expansions, machinability of hard metals, and so forth. In electronic applications, that is the fabrication of ceramic structures for support and interconnection of devices, the reasons for infiltration are evident. They provide highly conductive paths in a controlled manner for dimensions and configurations which approach those of device structures. Experiments were conducted to investigate the wetting and spreading of copper on molybdenum metallized alumina slips. Various surface-active and viscosity-active metals were added to the copper, and ambient conditions were varied. The results indicate that the primary controlling parameters for wetting are the ambient conditions. The infiltrations of copper into porous molybdenum lines were observed by X-radiographs of experimental substrates after increments of time at 1120°C. The substrates were moved from an average temperature of 1040°C into a hot zone at 1120°C, then after an incremental soak time were returned to 1040°C, and subsequently cooled for observation. The penetrations of copper are clearly seen on the X-radiographs so that the process of infiltration may be closely monitored. The results indicate that reliable infiltrations at predictable rates may be obtained. Thus, the technique is a reliable means of achieving high conductivity metals within a ceramic substrate. There is no indication of a limitation on penetration distance on well formed lines as small as 5 mil wide. Electrical conductivity of infiltrated lines was observed to follow the volume relationship: Σ=v_CuΣ_Cu + v_MoΣ_Mo where Σ = conductivity andv = volume proportion.     

Bovine vaginal circulation: changes during estrous cycle.

Vaginal thermal conductance was measured in 12 heifers and 7 cows with a gradient layer heat flow probe. Values rose for 4 to 5 days prior to day of behavioral estrus (day 0), with a peak on days --2 and --1, and then declined from day 0 to +5. Curves for heifers were higher than those for cows although there was no evidence that they were not parallel. Changes during the cycle appear to result from estrogen-induced alterations in blood flow rate in vaginal tissues.     

The role of transbronchial lung biopsy in diffuse pulmonary disease

A retrospective study of 103 patients with histologically proved cutaneous malignant melanoma was made in order to assess the validity of a simple prognostic index, based upon a multivariate analysis of weighted pathological and clinical factors, in predicting the expected outcome in a given case. The results of the study were almost identical to those observed by Cochran (1968); 16 per cent of the patients with a low prognostic index (less than 20) died or developed recurrence of melanoma during the period of follow-up, in contrast to those with a high prognostic index (greater than 25) of whom 64 per cent were similarly affected. It is concluded that the predicted outcome based upon such an index is valid for the 5 postoperative years in some 90 per cent of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. It is suggested that the use of such an index may be of great value in selecting patients in whom the expected outcome to surgical therapy is poor and in whom adjuvant therapy may be of value.     

The prediction of the impedance of the thorax to defibrillating current.

In this paper a technique for predicting thoracic impedance to defibrillator pulses is described. The impedance to low-current (1.0 mA) high-frequency (10-500kHz) sinusoidal current is used as an indicator of the impedance of the thorax to high-current, damped sinusoidal waveform pulses. Results from 71 dogs to which defibrillator shocks of 4 to 220 A peak current were applied show that thoracic impedance can be predicted by this method. This information indicates that it is possible to design a defibrillator that can automatically measure chest impedance prior to a defibrillation shock and deliver a predetermined peak current to the subject.     

The effect of dispersion on long-range inspection using ultrasonic guided waves

The dispersion of ultrasonic guided waves causes wave-packets to spread out in space and time as they propagate through a structure. This limits the resolution that can be obtained in a long-range guided wave inspection system. A technique is presented for quickly predicting the rate of spreading of a dispersive wave-packet as it propagates. It is shown that the duration of a wave-packet increases linearly with propagation distance. It is also shown that the duration of a wave-packet after a given propagation distance can be minimised by optimising the input signal. A dimensionless parameter called minimum resolvable distance (MRD) is defined that enables a direct comparison to be made between the resolution attainable at different operating points. Some conclusions are made concerning the resolution of various operating points for the case of Lamb waves in an aluminium plate.