Micromechanical models for saturated concrete repaired by the electrochemical deposition method

Cracks significantly deteriorate the in situ performance of concrete members and structures, particularly tunnel structures embedded in saturated soft soils. To investigate the mechanical mechanism of the electrochemical deposition method (EDM), which is a newly developed healing method for cracked concrete under an aqueous environment, micromechanical models are proposed based on the saturated concrete microstructure and the EDM’s healing mechanism. In this framework, two types of homogenization methods are presented to predict the effective properties of concrete repaired by the EDM, which analytically illustrate the deposition healing process by micromechanics. The micromechanical models consider the volume fractions of water and deposition products, the water effects (including further hydration and viscosity in pores), and the shapes of the pores in the concrete. Furthermore, the proposed micromechanical models are compared with available experimental results, extreme states during the EDM’s healing process, and the Voigt upper bound and the Reuss lower bound, thus illustrating the feasibility and capability of the proposed micromechanical models. Finally, the influences of the deposition product properties on the healing effectiveness of the EDM are investigated based on the proposed micromechanical framework.     

Circular dichroism and electron microscopy of a core Y61F mutant of the F1 gene 5 single-stranded DNA-binding protein and theoretical analysis of CD spectra of four Tyr --> Phe substitutions

A core Y61F mutant of the gene 5 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (g5p) of f1 bacterial virus aggregated when expressed from a plasmid, but, after refolding in vitro, it behaved much like wild-type and may be a stability or folding mutant. Circular dichroism (CD) titrations showed the same cooperative polynucleotide binding modes for Y61F and wild-type g5p. There are n = 4 and n congruent with 2.5 modes for binding to poly[d(A)] at low ionic strengths, but n = 4, n = 3, and n congruent with 2-2.5 modes for binding to fd single-stranded viral DNA (fd ssDNA), where n is the number of nucleotides occluded by each bound g5p monomer in a given mode. Y61F g5p has slightly reduced affinity in the n = 4 mode. Electron microscopy showed that Y61F g5p forms left-handed nucleoprotein superhelices indistinguishable from wild-type. Progression from binding to fd ssDNA in the n = 4 to n = 3 to n congruent with 2-2.5 mode is accompanied by an increase in the number of helical turns, an increase from (7.7 +/- 0.3) to (9.5 +/- 0.3) to ( approximately 10-13) g5p dimers per turn, and a decrease in the number of DNA nucleotides per turn. From CD spectra for four of five possible Y --> F g5p mutants, we infer that the fifth tyrosine, Tyr 56, contributes strongly to the CD. Retention of a strong 229 nm CD band in all mutants indicates that all retain elements of the native structure. Spectra of Y26F, Y34F, and Y61F g5p imply limited mobility of the replacement Phe. Comparison of measured with calculated CD spectra also suggests limited mobility for Tyr 26 and Tyr 34 in g5p in solution, and provides new information that the g5p structure in solution may be dominated by Tyr 41 rotamers differing from that stabilized in the crystal.     

Comorbid panic disorder and major depression: implications for cognitive-behavioral therapy

The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of H3SiI has been recorded in the nu1/nu4 region from 2075 to 2315 cm-1 at an optical resolution of 2.3 x 10(-3) cm-1. The nu1/nu4 fundamental bands and the (nu1 + nu3) - nu3/(nu4 + nu3) - nu3 hot bands have been rotationally investigated. Numerous local perturbations have been observed in the nu1 and nu4 bands and in the hot bands. Without the lines involved in perturbations, more than 2900 transitions of the nu1/nu4 bands were used to determine the band origins and the vibration-rotation parameters of the nu1 = 1 and nuv4 = 1 states. A least-squares fit of 766 apparently unperturbed transitions of the hot bands gave the parameters of the nu1 = nu3 = 1 and nu4 = nu3 = 1 states. The l(2, 2) resonance in nu4 and the A1-E Coriolis coupling between nu1 and nu4 have been investigated. Most of the local perturbations have been studied individually using a simple model by which the main perturber for each resonance was identified. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.     

Externality as a function of obesity in children: Pervasive style or eating-specific attribute?

The developmental sources of the link between stylistic externality and food-related externality found in the obese by S. Schachter and his associates (e.g., Schachter and J. Rodin, 1974) were explored by testing whether the externality phenomena that have been found to differentiate obese and normal adults are also discriminators of obese and normal children. Based on teacher ratings of obesity, 28 distinctly overweight and 28 normal weight Ss in Grades 2–5 were selected. Ss were assessed on 3 measures (a) the eating of shelled or unshelled peanuts, (b) their estimations of the length of a boring or interesting film, and (c) their rod-and-frame test-measured field dependence. Results suggest that obese children as young as 7–22 yrs of age show an external responsiveness to salient food cues but do not yet show a generally external perceptual style. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia.

Self-focused attention has been linked to social anxiety and poor social performance, but the causal direction of this relationship has not been established. For this study, focus of attention was manipulated during a speech task, conducted in pairs for 38 individuals with generalized social phobia. Results indicated that intensifying self-focused attention increased anticipated anxiety and anxious appearance, regardless of whether the individual was giving a speech or passively standing before the audience. The self-focus manipulation also increased self-reported anxiety during the task, but only for individuals assigned to a passive role. Contrary to expectation, self-focused attention did not affect any measure of social performance. These results indicate that self-focused attention may play a causal role in exacerbating social anxiety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anxiety sensitivity and depression: How are they related?

Anxiety sensitivity is the fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations, which arises from beliefs that the sensations have harmful somatic, psychological, or social consequences. Elevated anxiety sensitivity, as assessed by the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), is associated with panic disorder. The present study investigated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and depression. Participants were people with panic disorder (n?=?52 ), major depression (n?=?46), or both (n?=?37 ). Mean ASI scores of each group were elevated, compared to published norms. Principal components analysis revealed 3 factors of anxiety sensitivity: (a) fear of publicly observable symptoms, (b) fear of loss of cognitive control, and (c) fear of bodily sensations. Factors 1 and 3 were correlated with anxiety-related measures but not with depression-related measures. Conversely, factor 2 was correlated with depression related measures but not with anxiety-related measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

臭豆腐之绍兴

臭豆腐汉语里习惯用豆腐来形容美人儿的肤质细腻美好,吹弹可破。其实,豆腐并不都是白嫩的,臭豆腐才是豆腐家族中最给力的品类。臭豆腐在中国的制作方式和食用方式均存在地区上的差异,南干北乳,更有云南的独特"制臭"法,让人眼界大开的同时也食指大动。