Abrasive particles in tobacco products: a possible factor in dental attrition

Tobacco products are known to cause oral soft-tissue lesions, but they may also directly affect the teeth. Abrasive particles contained in tobacco products may contribute to dental attrition. We studied tobacco samples from 16 brands of cigars, eight brands of snuff, four brands of chewing tobacco and several unprocessed tobacco leaves used as cigar wrappers. Insoluble particulate matter made up about 0.5 percent of the weight of an average tobacco sample.     

Is who you are who you're talking to? Interpersonal style and complementarily in mixed-sex interactions.

To investigate interpersonal theory, the authors examined the social behavior of 112 previously unacquainted male-female pairs collaborating on a joint task. Structural equation modeling analyses provided clear evidence of complementarity: In addition to trait affiliation and dominance both predicting situational behavior, each interaction partner's behavior influenced the other's in accordance with the theory, eliciting similar levels of affiliation and opposite levels of dominance. There were also clear biases related to participants' interpersonal traits: When behavior, as indexed by observers, was held constant, more trait affiliative participants tended to view themselves and their partner as warmer during the interaction; likewise, more trait dominant participants perceived themselves to act more dominantly than they actually did. Throughout, there were no sex differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DSM—IV antisocial personality disorder field trial.

The development of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994 ) included 12 field trials to assess proposed revisions. This article provides results from the antisocial personality disorder (APD) field trial that was conducted to obtain data of relevance to the proposals for simplification and for the inclusion of more traditional traits of psychopathy. Provided herein are the results from 4 sites that had sampled from populations of particular relevance to the diagnosis of APD (i.e., prison inmates, psychiatric inpatients, outpatients with substance use disorders, and homeless persons). The results indicated that some items from the 3rd revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) could be deleted without affecting the diagnosis. The field trial provided mixed support for the proposal to include more traditional traits of psychopathy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Valuing a psychological practice.

The valuation of a psychological practice is important to the possibility of selling the practice to another psychologist (such as at the time of disability or retirement) and equitable distribution of assets in a psychologist's dissolution of marriage. This article discusses the foundation and factors relevant to valuing a business, and sets forth 12 principles in the context of valuing a psychological practice. When coupled with the problem of finding a buyer, it is concluded that there is, at present, a bleak sale potential for a psychological practice, and the typical psychological practice would have minimal, if any, property value (as opposed to being viewed as an income source) in dissolution of marriage proceedings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A taxometric analysis of hypnotic susceptibility.

The possibility that hypnotic ability is typological rather than dimensional was evaluated in a series of 4 studies. Study 1 used two samples of mass-testing measures of hypnotic ability, which were analyzed using the MAXCOV-HITMAX method (R.E. Meehl, 1973). Results of these analyses were in keeping with the existence of a latent typology in hypnotic ability scores. Study 2 investigated the possibility that these results could be a false-positive artifact of factor structure. Results of the simulation analyses indicated that the possibility of a false-positive was unacceptably high. Studies 3 and 4 used larger samples, combined with data-simulation control analyses. Results of Studies 3 and 4 were in keeping with the existence of a latent typology in hypnotic ability scores, whereas datasimulation control analyses demonstrated that the risk of false-positive results was acceptably low. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reexamination of the role of nonhypnotic suggestibility in hypnotic responding.

An alcohol-placebo paradigm was used to measure individual differences in the tendency to have directly suggested, as well as unsuggested, alterations in experience. Using the spectral analytic technique of C. G. Balthazard and E. Z. Woody (see record 1992-22396-001), such alterations in experience were found to be differentially correlated with the easiest items of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. The results indicated that easy hypnotic performances depend on some kind of social suggestibility not unique to hypnosis, and this factor becomes less important as the difficulty of the hypnotic performances increases. The results may also shed light on hypnotic sequelae, context effects, and two-component models of hypnotic performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactivity of O-methylated Illinois No. 6 coal towards alkyllithiums/methyl iodide

An O-methylated Illinois No. 6 vitrain was treated repeatedly with a series of C-H indicator bases of known pK_a and quenched with ^13,14C-methyl iodide. The extent of ¹⁴CH₃ incorporation depended strongly upon base strength, increasing in the order 9-phenylfluorenyllithium < fluorenyllithium < trityllithium. A significant number of methyl groups ($\text{0.7–1.2}\text{100}$ coal carbons) were introduced with fluorenyllithium and trityllithium as the base. Additional methyl groups were added upon a second and third treatment with base and alkylating agent. After three treatments, the number of added methyl groups had doubled. The extent of base reagent incorporation was established by parallel experiments using ¹⁴C-enriched bases. CP/MAS ¹³C n.m.r. of the first coal alkylation product using trityllithium and ¹³C-enriched methyl iodide was consistent with predominantly C-alkylation. From these results, a unified picture for coal structure emerges which contains a distribution of reactive C-H sites, distinguishable on the basis of their acid-base properties. Possible reactive sub-structures are considered.