TEM study of PLZT ceramics

The microscopic structures of PLZT(7.9/70/30 and x/65/35, x = 7 or 8) ceramics were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The presence of micro-regions in PLZTs was first verfied.     

In Situ Formation of a Novel Nanocomposite Structure Based on MCM-41 and Polyethylene

M41S materials are prepared by in situ assembly of inorganic precursors and organic template and can be viewed as nanocomposites of the siliceous phase and organic surfactant. Calcination of these precursors gives the M41S materials that have been used to prepare novel nanocomposite structures, in which the organic phase inside the nano-sized pores is isolated by the nano-sized inorganic pore walls. The nanocomposite structures can be formed by in situ polymerization of monomers inside the channels. Polymerization of ethylene takes place inside the nano-sized pores, producing the desired nanocomposite structure. The resulting polyethylene was found to be a mixture of crystalline and amorphous phases.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF Si_(1-x-y)Ge_xC_y FILMS GROWN BY ION IMPLANTATION AND SUBSEQUENT SOLID PHASE EPITAXY

Si1-x-yGexCy ternary alloy films were grown on monocrystalline silicon substrates by C ion implantation and subsequent solid phase epitaxy (SPE). Two-step anneal-ing technique was employed in the SPE. The structure and electrical properties of the alloy films were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and van der Pauw Hall measurements, respectively. With the optimization of two-step anneal-ing technique for the implanted Si1-x-yGexCy layers, a certain amount of C atoms occupied substitutional sites and no SiC was formed.     

Adiabatic shear bands on the titanium side in the titanium/mild steel explosive cladding interface: Experiments, numerical simulation, and microstructure evolution

The microstructure and microtexture in adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) on the titanium side in the titanium/mild steel explosive cladding interface are investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction (SEM/EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Highly elongated subgrains and fine equiaxed grains with low dislocation density are observed in the ASBs. Microtextures (25 deg, 75 deg, 0 deg), (70 deg, 45 deg, 0 deg), and (0 deg, 15 deg, 30 deg) formed within the ASBs suggest the occurrence of the recrystallization. The grain boundaries within ASBs are geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) with high angles. Finite element computations are performed to obtain the effective strain and temperature distributions within the ASBs under the measured boundary conditions. The rotation dynamic recrystallization (RDR) mechanism is employed to describe the kinetics of the nanograins’ formation and the recrystallized process within ASBs. During the deformation time (about 5 to 10 μs), the following processes take place: dislocations accumulate to form elongated cell structures, cell structures break up to form subgrains, and subgrains rotate and finally form recrystallized grains. The small grains within ASBs are formed during the deformation and do not undergo significant growth by grain boundary migration after deformation.     

双波长Nd：YAG脉冲激光器的实验研究

根据多波长同时振荡条件，我们建立了大能量１０６４ｎｍ和１３１８ｎｍ同时运转的双波长脉冲Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光器。得到了１０６４ｎｍ和１３１８ｎｍ的激光输出能量分别为０．５９４Ｊ和０．８６１Ｊ，效率分别为０．３１％和０．４５％。实验结果说明了该双波长激光器有较好的时间和空间重选性。     

Sunflower Head Residue Pectin Extraction as Affected by Physical Conditions

Effects of extraction pH, temperature, and time on yield and quality of pectin from sunflower heads (Interstate cultivar) were investigated. The low-methoxyl pectin was extracted, using 0.75% sodium hexametaphosphate at pH 3, 4, and 5 and at 75, 85, and 95°for 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively. Yield, molecular mass, and firmness of jellies of the pectins were determined. Three-way statistical analysis on yield, molecular mass and gel firmness showed strong interactions among pH, temperature and time. Highest yields were obtained at pH 5, 95°for 20 min and pH 4, 85°for 40 min. Pectin extracted for 40 min at pH 3 and 4 and at 85°and 75°C, respectively, had the highest molecular mass. Gel firmness of sunflower pectin prepared at pH 5.4 was higher than that of a commercial citrus pectin.     

Energy absorption in splitting square metal tubes

This paper presents an investigation into the energy absorbing behaviour of axially splitting square metal tubes. Tubes 50 mm square with a variable thickness were pushed slowly against rigid pyramid shaped dies, which had various semi-angles. By pre-cutting 5 mm long slits at the four corners, the tube splits along the corners and curls outward with a certain radius at a constant force. In this energy dissipating system, there are three components: tearing energy, plastic deformation energy and frictional energy. Theoretical analysis of the three energy components is presented. Curl radius is also studied in detail. Good agreement between experiments and theory is obtained. The results show that tubes which both split and curl may be used as efficient, long stroke energy absorbing devices.