某超高层建筑抗震结构设计分析

通过工程实例,介绍超高层建筑的结构设计特点和结构性能目标,指出应注意的问题及相应措施,以供借鉴。     

单自由度体系地震残余变形分析及计算

地震残余变形是结构可修复能力的重要指标,准确分析结构的残余变形对于震后结构性能的评估与控制具有重要意义。基于对不同单自由度(SDOF)体系的弹塑性地震响应的统计分析,研究了不同参数对地震残余变形的影响,其中滞回特性、屈服后刚度、地面峰值加速度(PGA)以及最大弹塑性变形对残余变形的影响较大;同时结合理论分析提出了分别适用于弹塑性Kinematic滞回模型和Takeda滞回模型的残余变形简化计算方法。该方法是以先获得结构的最大弹塑性变形为基础的,能与传统的确定结构最大变形性能的抗震分析方法(Pushover方法)较好地结合。最后,以一钢筋混凝土单柱桥墩为例,详细阐述了所提出的方法进行单自由度体系结构的地震残余变形计算及震后结构性能评估的过程,分析表明基于Takeda模型的结构残余变形的计算结果偏于安全。     

地区建筑营建的被动式节能设计对策的体系化研究——以绿色窑居节能空间的形态设计为例

该文从窑居微气候环境控制中遇到的通风、采光、保温与降湿等矛盾入手,以建筑环境构成的层级结构作为基本分类准则,依据影响地区建筑微气候的各种环境因素调节的原理,提出地区建筑营建的被动式设计对策的体系化框架.该文还结合拓扑几何学原理,以单体窑居的节能空间设计为例,探讨其形态的被动式设计对策细则.     

北京芦城自行车馆结构设计

北京芦城自行车馆平面近似椭圆形,屋盖形状为双曲面。屋盖及屋盖支承为整体钢结构,看台、附属用房采用混凝土结构。对混凝土抗裂采用新型纤维混凝土,取得了很好的抗裂效果。对空腹刚架的平面内稳定做了较为细致的分析,给出了空腹刚架弦杆及节间计算长度的计算方法,比较了不同的钢结构下部支撑刚度对钢结构构件内力和位移的影响,得出环向桁架的刚度是影响环向支承结构刚度的决定因素,空间支承钢柱的刚度对环向支承结构的刚度影响非常小,基本可以忽略。考虑了上部膜结构参与工作对计算结果的影响,进行了结构验算,保证了结构安全可靠。     

Interpretation of the variability of levels of regional background aerosols in the Western Mediterranean

Results on interpretation of the variability of regional background PM levels in the Western Mediterranean basin (WMB) are presented. Mean PM levels recorded at Montseny, MSY (North-Eastern Spain) in the 2002-2007 period reached 17, 13 and 11 µg/m³ of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁, respectively.The daily evolution of PM levels is regulated by the breeze circulation (mountain and sea breezes). PM levels are lower at the rural sites at night owing to the nocturnal drainage flows and to the lowering of the mixing layer height below the MSY high. These nocturnal low levels allowed us to estimate the continental background PM levels. At midday, the atmospheric pollutants accumulated in the pre-coastal depression are transported upwards by the breeze, increasing PM levels.Maximum PM₁₀ levels were recorded in summer, and February-March and November, and minimum values in the rest of the year coinciding with the highest frequency of Atlantic advection. PM peak episodes attributed to Saharan dust outbreaks were recorded in summer and February-March. In addition, anticyclonic situations (February-March and November) may impact in elevated rural areas by increasing hourly levels of PM₁ up to 75 µg/m³. This scenario induces the stagnation of pollutants in the pre-coastal depression. Solar radiation activates mountain winds, transporting polluted air masses from the valleys to elevated areas resulting in an increase of fine PM levels in areas outside the boundary layer.A significant decrease in PM annual means (40% and 34% for the entire monitoring period, 7 µgPM₁₀/m³ and 5 µgPM_2.5/m³) was recorded at MSY between 2002 and 2007. There appears to be no single cause behind these trends. This could partially be ascribed to the varying frequency and intensity of Saharan dust episodes, but also to large-scale meteorological processes or cycles, and/or to local or meso-scale processes such as nearby anthropogenic emission sources.     

Occurrence of diclofenac and selected metabolites in sewage effluents

Many pharmaceuticals along with their metabolites have been detected in environmental water samples in the recent decades. The analgesic diclofenac is widely used and thus enters the aquatic environment. Already at realistic environmental concentration levels harmful effects to different organisms have been demonstrated. As this could also be expected for its metabolites, their fate was examined. Six wastewater treatment plant effluents collected throughout Germany were analyzed for the drug and two of its hydroxylated metabolites, 4'-hydroxy diclofenac (4'-OHD) and 5-hydroxy diclofenac (5-OHD), together with the lactam of 4'-OHD, 4'-hydroxy diclofenac dehydrate (4'-OHDD). A quantitative analytical method has been developed using solid-phase extraction followed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) in sewage effluent were 0.06 mug/l for diclofenac and its hydroxyl metabolites and 0.07 microg/l for 4'-OHDD. Recoveries ranged from 62 to 81%. The metabolites were detected in the samples in median concentration ranges of 相似文献   

中小学框架结构教学楼抗连续性倒塌分析

汶川地震和玉树地震造成大量建筑物倒塌和重大人员伤亡,结构的抗连续倒塌分析再次引起工程技术人员的重视。为了研究中小学教学楼在常规设计条件下是否具有抗连续倒塌能力,本文按照现行规范设计了两栋典型的抗震设防烈度分别为7度和8度的中小学框架结构三维模型,依照有关规范中提出的抗连续倒塌的基本规定,采用弹性静力分析方法对拆除柱后剩余构件能否满足承载力要求进行判断。最后还分析了楼板对抗连续倒塌的影响及梁的悬链线机制。结果表明,按现行规范设计的中小学教学楼部分构件仍不能完全保证具有抗连续倒塌能力。     

膨胀土大面积浸水现场试验

为研究原位膨胀土在大面积浸水条件下的变形特征,在典型膨胀土地段做了面积为5.1×15m2的浸水试验,试验历时17d。试验结果为:(1)膨胀变形过程可分为4个阶段,初始快速线性膨胀阶段、过渡阶段、缓慢线性膨胀阶段、稳定阶段;(2)膨胀速率基本呈现"短时极大→小→稳定"的规律,其中浸水0～1.5h是膨胀速率最大的时期,最大膨胀速率达13.26mm/h,之后膨胀速率迅速降低,平均膨胀速率只有0.09～0.78mm/d;(3)膨胀土的渗透模式受土体中微裂纹数量、土颗粒间收缩膜强度以及膨胀单元受力情况影响;通过分析,建议将连续3d膨胀变形量不大于0.02mm,总浸水时间不少于两周作为膨胀土现场大面积浸水的稳定标准。     

管道穿越大中型江河施工方案比选

结合城市污水工程管道过河施工的实例,阐述了围堰施工、沉管施工、顶管施工三种不同的施工方法,对其施工工艺进行了分析对比,针对本工程的具体情况,最终确定采用顶管工艺施工,以满足施工要求。     

配合比参数对水泥浆体抗裂性能的影响

提高抗裂性是混凝土工程中的一个重要课题。从优化混凝土配合比的角度,研究了配合比参数水胶比、矿物掺合料用量及品种、单位用水量和灰砂比等对箱梁用高强混凝土早期抗裂性能的影响。研究表明:提高水灰比、添加适当掺量的掺合料、适当降低胶凝材料总量有利于提高抗裂性能。当粉煤灰掺量在10%～20%时,粉煤灰掺量对早期抗裂性的影响不大,反而在掺量为10%时略优,单掺粉煤灰略优于双掺粉煤灰和矿渣微粉。各影响因素对水泥净浆的影响趋势与砂浆和混凝土相似,但影响程度不同。水胶比对抗裂性能的影响最大,其次为掺合料用量和胶凝材料总量。掺合料用量在砂浆中对抗裂性的影响略小于在水泥净浆中的影响。