Active control of hydraulic oil contamination to extend the service life of aviation hydraulic system

The hydraulic system is the control center of aircraft, the performance of which is critically dependent on the purity of the oil that flows through it. Contamination of hydraulic system oil has been known to be the primary cause of catastrophic failure and accidents. A review of literature in the area of hydraulic oil contamination reveals three facts: (i) there is a dearth of effective methods to prevent intrusion of external contaminants into the hydraulic oil, (ii) there are no effective purification methods for liquid and gaseous contaminants of oil, and (iii) there is an absence of real-time monitoring for major contaminants. This work systematically reviews the hazards, sources, and removal methods of major contaminants, especially of gaseous contaminants. An active method to control oil contamination is proposed instead of the existing passive maintenance techniques that are ridden with problems. In a case study of aviation hydraulic system, our active control system comprises (i) a closed hydraulic circuit and a closed oil tank to prevent the intrusion of external contaminants, (ii) a vacuum centrifuge to efficiently remove contaminants without creating consumption costs, and (iii) monitoring devices installed to actively monitor the contaminant content in oil during operation. The results from the purification experiments and three-dimensional modeling indicate that the active control of hydraulic oil contamination can effectively remove 98.4% solid contaminants and reduce the water content below 50 ppm, and in particular reduce the gas content below 2%. It is obvious that this method can improve the continuous operation capability of aviation hydraulic systems and extend the intermaintenance period of aircrafts by reducing the contaminant content in oil.     

Impedance Spectroscopy of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 Ceramics Modified with (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3

The electrical and dielectric properties of (1 ? x)(0.94Bi_1/2Na_1/2TiO₃–0.06BaTiO₃)–x(K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃) with x = 0, 0.03, 0.09, 0.18 have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy over a wide temperature range. The dc conductivity of the ceramics follows the Arrhenius law with an activation energy ranging from ~1.20 to 1.50 eV. Measurements under different atmospheres show the materials exhibit n‐type semiconducting behavior at elevated temperatures. The presence of a highly polarizable phase for all compositions is revealed by electric modulus (M″) spectra. The Burns temperature decreases with increasing KNN content. The change in temperature‐dependent permittivity with composition is explained by the difference in thermal evolution of polar nanoregions induced by the addition of KNN.     

Biosorption mechanism of Zn2+ from aqueous solution by spent substrates of pleurotus ostreatus

To solve the problem of heavy metal pollution and agricultural wastes reclamation, spent substrate of pleurotus ostreatus (SSPO) was used as adsorbent to remove Zn²⁺ from aqueous solution. The biosorption of zinc ions on SSPO was studied as a function of the solution pH, temperature and initial Zn²⁺ concentration. The equilibrium sorption data were well represented by linear Langmuir isotherm models with R² value of 0.9955 and non-linear Freundlich with R² value of 0.9973. The BET surface area of SSPO can reach 51.16m²g^?1. SEM-EDX and XRD revealed that (NH₄)₂Zn·H₂O and Zn₂PO₄(OH) were the main compounds in metal-loaded SSPO. FTIR analysis indicated the governing functional groups such as O-H, N-H and P=O played an important role in biosorption. The desorption studies showed the reversibility of SSPO. The results indicate that SSPO is a potential adsorbent in wastewater treatment due to its great sorption capacity and low cost.     

新型钛系聚酯催化剂的催化性能研究

合成了一种应用型钛系聚酯(PET)催化剂TY,考察了在PET合成中催化剂TY对酯化时间、缩聚时间、产品性能等的影响;并与传统锑系催化剂三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)的性能进行了对比。结果表明:钛系催化剂TY不仅能缩短酯化时间和聚合时间,而且催化剂用量少、催化活性高;钛系催化剂TY用量为20~25μg/g时,催化活性最佳,催化剂TY 20~25μg/g的催化活性相当于Sb2O3350~400μg/g的催化活性;钛系催化剂合成的PET切片的特性黏数达0.683 d L/g,与锑系PET相比,色相L值提高达71.68,b值相差不大,端羧基含量及二甘醇含量降低,结晶行为及热性能相当;钛系催化剂TY适合无重金属聚酯的工业生产,工业应用性强。     

硬脂酸/白碳黑相变蓄热固固相转变材料的化学合成及在建筑材料中的应用研究

用化学合成法制备了硬脂酸/白炭黑固-固相转变材料,探讨了该固-固相转变材料形成的机理。考察了硬脂酸含量对贮热性能的影响,结果表明,硬脂酸含量越高,相变焓和相变温度也越高,当硬脂酸含量达95%时,相变焓达149.88 J/g。并将硬脂酸含量为70%的此材料作为填料应用于建筑材料,发现该材料具有重要的经济价值和社会效益。     

烟机企业产品零件分类编码系统的探讨

根据烟机企业生产特点,对产品零件分类编码系统的要求及分类细则进行了探讨.     

无铅压电陶瓷的研究现状与发展趋势

随着人们环保意识的增强,无铅压电陶瓷的研究和开发成为当前压电材料领域研究的热点。本文综述了无铅压电陶瓷研究开发的相关进展,重点介绍了BaTiO3基、Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3基、铋层状结构、(K,Na,Li)NbO3基及钨青铜结构无铅压电陶瓷等体系的研究现状,同时对制备方法也进行了简要的评述,对无铅压电陶瓷的发展趋势作了展望。     

含水层失水与岩溶塌陷引起的采动损害分析

分析采矿活动对地表损坏的原因.得出了以含水层失水与岩溶塌陷为主、开采直接影响为辅的采动损害结论.研究结论为南方岩溶发育地区开采损害预计和责任认定提供了依据.     

断路器200kA通断能力试验对系统电压的影响

进行大容量通断能力试验会对电力系统产生一定的影响,为此通过程序仿真模拟断路器通断能力试验的工况,进行瞬时电压跌落及电网稳定的计算分析。     

铝对生长Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石的影响

对于高温高压温度梯度法合成金刚石来说,在触媒中添加除氮剂（Ti、Al等）,可以合成无色的Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石。实验使用国产六面顶压机和NiMnCo溶媒通过温度梯度法来合成Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石,主要研究了除氮剂铝对生长Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石的影响。由于铝的添加使得合成出的金刚石出现熔坑,并带有颜色等现象。大量实验表明：氮化铝的分解和过量铝的掺入是颜色和熔坑产生的原因。实验通过在约1210℃的低温区生长、降低生长速度至0．41mg／h,使金刚石的颜色和熔坑问题有了明显的改善。所以在用Al做除氮剂生长Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石时,为获得优质单晶,应以较低的生长速度在低温区生长晶体。