The adjustable synergistic effects between acid–base coupling bifunctional ionic liquid extractants for rare earth separation

Two of the most widely used industrial extractants for rare earth elements (REEs), that is, di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and 2‐ethyl(hexyl) phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester (HEH[EHP]) were developed into [DEHP]^? type acid–base coupling bifunctionalized ionic liquids (ABC‐BILs) and [EHEHP]^? type ABC‐BILs, respectively. The combinations of ABC‐BIL extractants revealed synergistic effects for REEs. Seven different combinations of ABC‐BILs and five kinds of REEs confirmed the novel synergistic extraction. Some synergy coefficients of the combined ABC‐BILs were bigger than those of mixed HDEHP and HEH[EHP] by two orders of magnitude. The first synergistic extraction produced by ionic liquid extractants in the field of solvent extraction was reported in this article. The novel synergistic extraction from combined ABC‐BILs extractants revealed highly efficient and environmentally friendly potential in both of academic research and industrial application for REEs separation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3859–3868, 2014     

Near‐Infrared Quantum Cutting via Downconversion Energy Transfers in Ho3+/Yb3+ Codoped Tellurite Glass Ceramics

The different concentration of Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped tellurite glasses were prepared by high‐temperature melting‐quenching method. On excitation of Ho³⁺ ions with blue photon at 449 nm as well as ultraviolet (UV) photon at 360 nm, the near infrared emission at 977 nm from Yb³⁺ and 981, 1020 nm from Ho³⁺, which could be absorbed by silicon and enhance the efficiency of the silicon‐based solar cell, were observed. The energy‐transfer process of Ho³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions and involved mechanism have been investigated and discussed. The first‐order energy transfer (ET) through cross relaxation and a back ET from Yb³⁺ to Ho³⁺ occurred in the near‐infrared quantum cutting (NIR QC) system are proposed and verified. The NIR quantum efficiency achieved 166% when Yb³⁺ doping concentration is 20 mol%.     

The enhanced anticoagulation for graphene induced by COOH+ ion implantation

Graphene may have attractive properties for some biomedical applications, but its potential adverse biological effects, in particular, possible modulation when it comes in contact with blood, require further investigation. Little is known about the influence of exposure to COOH⁺-implanted graphene (COOH⁺/graphene) interacting with red blood cells and platelets. In this paper, COOH⁺/graphene was prepared by modified Hummers'' method and implanted by COOH⁺ ions. The structure and surface chemical and physical properties of COOH⁺/graphene were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurement. Systematic evaluation of anticoagulation, including in vitro platelet adhesion assays and hemolytic assays, proved that COOH⁺/graphene has significant anticoagulation. In addition, at the dose of 5 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm², COOH⁺/graphene responded best on platelet adhesion, aggregation, and platelet activation.     

湿混凝土浇筑过程中方钢管混凝土柱侧壁压力的试验研究

介绍了 3根方钢管混凝土柱在混凝土浇筑过程中的钢管侧壁压力和钢管环向应变的试验结果。讨论了不同坍落度、有或无振捣对钢管侧壁压力和环向应变的影响 ,并对理论值与实测值进行了比较和分析     

户内燃气安全管理探讨

燃气泄漏是影响户内燃气安全的主要因素,分析造成户内燃气泄漏的主要原因,提出解决加强户内燃气安全管理的方法.     

大语言模型安全的挑战与机遇

大语言模型的技术进步不仅推动了人工智能领域的快速发展,也带来了前所未有的安全挑战。大语言模型在处理自然语言理解和生成等任务时的高效,使其在多个行业中得到广泛应用,包括自动化客服、内容创作、情感分析、医疗诊断、金融分析以及法律咨询等。然而,随着应用的深入,大语言模型面临的安全威胁也日益显现,如模型被恶意利用生成虚假信息、隐私泄露问题以及模型的偏见和不公平等问题。本文深入探讨了大语言模型的安全挑战,并分析了如何利用这些模型来增强传统安全方法。我们首先综合分析了近年来在国际学术会议和期刊上发表的本领域论文,并进行了详尽的归纳和总结。接着,我们从数据和隐私保护、法律与伦理、攻击及其防御三个角度详细分析了大语言模型自身面临的安全问题以及现有的解决方案。同时,我们还总结了一系列大语言模型在传统安全领域中的应用案例,包括网络安全、物理安全和信息安全。进一步,我们调研和归纳了国内外企业在大语言模型领域的最新尝试,许多企业正在积极探索如何将大语言模型赋能于实际安全业务中。最后,我们探讨了面临的挑战与机遇,并提出了解决这些问题的可行策略和建议。通过本文的深入分析,我们希望能够提高公众和业界对大语言模型安全问题的关注,并为未来的研究和应用提供方向和启发,推动整个行业朝着更加安全和可靠的方向发展。     

近海深水区混凝土半潜型浮式风机一体化计算与耦合动力特性分析

 文章旨在探索10 MW级半潜型浮式风机的一体化计算方法并分析其在40～50 m近海深水区的耦合动力响应特性。  以10 MW混凝土半潜型浮式风机为例,构建一体化时域数值计算模型,统计分析其额定发电和极端工况下的平台动力响应和系泊张力特征。  平台水平运动主要受波浪荷载、风荷载和系泊刚度特性的影响,最大水平运动和系泊张力发生在生存工况,垂向运动主要受波浪荷载影响,摇摆运动的均值主要受风荷载影响,上述浮式风机动力响应均满足设计指标。  一体化数值计算方法较好地考虑浮式风机耦合动力特性,由于水深限制,近海深水区的海上漂浮式风机对水平运动约束和系泊非线性问题的优化更为重要,响应极值主要发生在极端工况,上述结论为此类漂浮式海上风机基础结构的研究与设计工作提供了一定的参考。     

川西坳陷中三叠统雷口坡组沥青地球化学特征及气源示踪

中三叠统雷口坡组是四川盆地西部天然气勘探的热点层系之一,目前对其储层沥青发育和地球化学特征的研究与认识较为薄弱.基于储层沥青含量、反射率、碳同位素和生物标志化合物等开展川西雷口坡组沥青的成因和来源研究,并基于沥青地球化学特征分析来开展气源示踪,丰富和完善了该区气源对比的研究方法和途径.研究表明,雷口坡组储层中沥青零星分...     

基于遗传算法的直驱SCARA机器人臂长优化设计

由于选择顺应性装配机器手臂（selective compliance assembly robot arm,简称SCARA）机器人关节驱动链过长,无法满足电子芯片等制造行业高速、高精度的要求,因此提出了一种直驱SCARA机器人,其特点是结构简单、消除了中间传动环节,代替了传统的伺服电机加减速器驱动的方式。同时,针对直驱关节转矩脉动较大、影响机器人端部稳定性的问题,提出了一种优化和设计思路,对于机器人的整体结构和参数进行了优化。在确定了SCARA机器人最大运动范围之后,分别建立了速度评价函数和刚度评价函数,以速度、刚度性能函数为适应性函数,采用多目标遗传算法对臂长进行优化。臂长优化前后的实验对比显示,优化前关节联合速度最大为3.9 m/s,优化后关节联合速度最大为4.6 m/s,有较大的提升。通过仿真发现：在末端载荷相同的情况下,优化后的形变量更小;优化前重复定位精度为±0.010 5 mm,较之传统SCARA机器人的重复定位精度已有一定提升,优化后重复定位精度进一步提高为±0.009 mm。仿真与实验结果证明,遗传算法优化有效解决了SCARA机器人端部稳定性问题,能明显提升机器人关节运...