水雷武器安全保险系统可靠性评估探讨

可靠性是水雷武器完成预定作战任务的有力保障,尤其对于水雷武器安全保险系统这种结构、运行模式复杂的子系统,保证其达到可靠性指标尤为重要。评估可靠性的方法是可靠性研究的关键,尝试对其可靠性的评估方法进行了探讨,并结合某型水雷实例作出具体分析。     

高氯酸盐对Al-MnO2纳米铝热剂热性能及燃烧性能的影响

为了研究高氯酸盐对纳米铝热剂反应性能的影响,选用高氯酸钾（KClO₄）和高氯酸铵（NH₄ClO₄）作为添加剂,采用静电喷雾法分别制备KClO₄-Al-MnO₂和NH₄ClO₄-Al-MnO₂纳米复合材料样品。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）观察了样品的微观形貌;采用同步热分析技术（TG-DSC）研究了样品的放热过程和反应活化能,结合X射线衍射技术（XRD）分析了反应后产物的成分,使用快速电热丝实验对比研究了样品的燃烧过程和燃烧速率。结果显示,纳米Al粉和MnO₂集中分布在高氯酸盐基底上;由于MnO₂的催化作用,KClO₄和NH₄ClO₄均在铝热反应发生前出现分解放热过程,其中NH₄ClO₄的分解放热量显著高于KClO₄;KClO₄和NH₄ClO₄的引入,使体系中铝热剂的相对含量降低,导致铝热反应的峰值温度分别推迟了21 ℃和31 ℃。KClO₄-Al-MnO₂的产物主要为Mn₃O₄,而NH₄ClO₄-Al-MnO₂的产物主要为MnO,NH₄ClO₄可以提高MnO₂中O元素的利用率。高氯酸盐的引入可降低体系发生铝热反应的活化能,降低量大于35%,并能够有效提高铝热剂的反应速率;在发火实验中,直接表现为火焰的快速成长、扩散和消退,但是高氯酸盐的引入也将降低火焰的明亮程度和大小。     

A Visible‐ and NIR‐Light Responsive Photothermal Therapy Agent by Chirality‐Dependent MoO3−x Nanoparticles

Chirality‐based semiconducting nanocrystals, as an emerging area, are envisioned to have great potential in chiral sensing, biomedicine, and chiroptical devices. Herein, chiral substoichiometric molybdenum oxide (l /d ‐Cys‐MoO_3?x) nanoparticles are synthesized via step‐by‐step reduction treatment with chiral cysteine molecules. The obtained nanoparticles are used as visible‐ and near‐infrared‐light dual responsive photothermal therapy agent for tumor cell ablation. Notably, the chiral nanoparticles show chiral selectivity for incident light, i.e., when irradiated by left‐circularly polarized light, l ‐Cys‐MoO_3?x is the most sensitive agent giving the highest mortality for HeLa cell ablation in vitro, and vice versa for right‐circularly polarized light with d ‐Cys‐MoO_3?x. In comparison to traditional photothermal therapy with near‐field light source, the investigations with chiral visible light at 532 nm indicate the possibility of chiral Cys‐MoO_3?x nanoparticles for visible light‐based phototherapy via metal–ligand charge transfer chirality, which provides insights for new methods in nanotechnology supported photothermal treatments.     

变频器的温升及其试验方法探讨

变频器越来越广泛在电机系统节能和提高工艺起到重要作用,变频器的工作环境以及散热问题,对变频器的可靠性的影响是非常大的。本文分析了变频器发热的主要原因,并重点介绍了变频器的温升重点部位及试验方法,以利于变频器用户掌握了解变频器温升及温升试验。     

Deformation analysis in microstructures and micro-devices

The mechanical behaviors of microstructures and micro-devices have drawn the attention from researchers on materials and mechanics in recent years. To understand the rule of these behaviors, the deformation measurement techniques with micro/nanometer sensitivity and spatial resolution are required. In this paper, a micro-marker identification method is developed to measure microstructure deformation. The micro-markers were directly produced on the top surface of microstructures by taking advantage of ion milling of focused ion beam (FIB) system. Based on the analysis of marker images captured by electronic microscope with specific correlation software, the deformation information in microstructures can be easily obtained. The principle of the technique is introduced in detail in the paper. An example experiment was executed to measure the displacement and strain distribution in a MEMS device. Obtained results show that the technique can be well applied to the deformation measurement of the micro/nano-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS/NEMS).     

新型雷达波吸收材料研究进展

综述了国内外新型雷达波吸收材料的研究进展 ,根据雷达波吸收材料的吸波机理 ,详细介绍了纳米吸波材料、宽频谱吸波材料、手性吸波材料、导电高分子吸波涂料、结构吸波材料、多晶纤维吸波涂料、电路模拟吸波材料及等离子体吸波材料的最新研究现状。     

Freezing as a Path to Build Micro-Nanostructured Icephobic Coatings

Superhydrophobic photothermal materials with the micro-nano structure are considered to be promising icephobic surfaces. Unfortunately, converting micro-nano hierarchical structure concepts into genuine synthetic materials has proven to be exceedingly expensive and difficult, partially because their sophisticated structures need construction at several length scales. Herein, a facile strategy of employing ice crystals to construct sophisticated hierarchical micro-nanostructured anti-icing composites with photothermal, self-healable, and self-cleaning properties is presented. The composites are covered with interconnected microscale pores replicated from ice crystals, which facilitates the construction of the hydrophobic or superhydrophobic properties based on the Cassie–Baxter model, endowing the coating with self-cleaning ability. Besides, by adding solar-to-heat conversation nanomaterials, the coating can implement in situ solar anti-/deicing. The abundant micropores caused by ice templates can further improve the photothermal conversion capability through multiple reflections of light. Importantly, the coating is endowed with the self-healing capability to repair hydrophobicity under sunlight. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the self-cleaning and self-healing abilities are mutually reinforcing, synergistically improving anti-/deicing performances. Overall, the presented ice-templated coating shows great potential and broad impacts owing to its inexpensive component materials, simplicity, eco-friendliness, and high energy efficiency.     

Scavenging of “Dead Sulfur” and “Dead Lithium” Revealed by Integrated–Heterogeneous Catalysis for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

The simultaneous engineering of sulfur cathode and Li anode is critical for electrolyte-starved high energy density Li–S batteries, in which slow electrochemical conversions and side chemical reactions of dead sulfur are found to be the determining factors in limiting the sulfur utilization, corresponding to the poor reversible capacity of Li–S batteries. Herein, this work challenges the conventional wisdom of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyses in Li–S batteries and proposes the concept of integrated–heterogeneous catalysis to simultaneously scavenge the dead sulfur and dead lithium to compensate the active materials sulfur and lithium loss simply through adding a small amount of ZnI₂ into conventional electrolyte of Li–S cells. Regulated by integrated–heterogeneous catalysis, over 1300 h of cycling is realized in Li||Li symmetric cells, revealing superb compatibility of the ZnI₂-incorporated electrolyte with lithium metal. Meanwhile, the ZnI₂ shows good prospects in promoting the reutilization of dead sulfur in both theoretical calculation and experimental tests. Practically, a high initial capacity of 1170 mAh g⁻¹ with decent cycling stability is achieved in electrolyte-starved and high-loading pouch cells (5.0 µL mg⁻¹ and 5.2 mg cm⁻²).