Interaction between dietary protein and fat in triglyceride metabolism in the rat: Effects of soy protein and menhaden oil

The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which dietary proteins interact with dietary lipids in the regulation of triglyceridemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=56) were subjected to 28-d experimental diets containing different combinations of proteins (20% w/w) and lipid sources (14% w/w): (i) casein-menhaden oil, (ii) casein-beef tallow, (iii) soy protein-menhaden oil, and (iv) soy protein-beef tallow. Significant protein-lipid interactions were observed on triglyceridemia and hepatic cholesterol in fasted rats. The combination of casein and beef tallow was associated with high plasma TG and hepatic cholesterol concentrations, which were reduced by substitution either of soy for casein or of menhaden oil for beef tallow. Therefore, triglyceridemia and liver cholesterol remained low with soy protein feeding, independently of the lipid source, as well as with menhaden oil feeding, regardless of the protein source. The menhaden oil diets reduced plasma cholesterol, hepatic TG, and TG secretion compared with beef tallow diets independently of the dietary protein source. Modifying the source of dietary proteins and lipids had no effect on post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. These results demonstrate that soy protein can lower rat triglyceridemia relative to casein when associated with beef tallow consumption, whereas menhaden oil can attenuate hypertriglyceridemia when rats are fed casein. The data further suggest that part of the hypotriglyceridemic effect of soy protein in the rat may be mediated by reduced hepatic lipid synthesis, as is the case for menhaden oil.     

浅析高校女性馆员职业发展面临的困惑与权益保障

女性馆员是高校图书馆事业发展的重要生力军,而女性馆员在进行职业岗位的择选、调整、变化,实现自我价值增值等方面面临多种冲突与困惑。如何保护女性馆员的权益,保障她们拥有与男性平等的发展权、建立社会支持系统和法律制度的保障,是全体高校女性馆员的呼声。     

Design of small-area multi-bit antifuse-type 1 kbit OTP memory

A multi-bit antifuse-type one-time programmable (OTP) memory is designed, which has a smaller area and a shorter programming time compared with the conventional single-bit antifuse-type OTP memory. While the conventional antifuse-type OTP memory can store a bit per cell, a proposed OTP memory can store two consecutive bits per cell through a data compression technique. The 1 kbit OTP memory designed with Magnachip 0.18 μm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) process is 34% smaller than the conventional single-bit antifuse-type OTP memory since the sizes of cell array and row decoder are reduced. And the programming time of the proposed OTP memory is nearly 50% smaller than that of the conventional counterpart since two consecutive bytes can be compressed and programmed into eight OTP cells at once. The layout area is 214 μm × 327 μm, and the read current is simulated to be 30.4 μA. Foundation item: Project supported by the 2nd Stage of Brain Korea; Project supported by the Korea Research Foundation     

Associations between apolipoprotein E genotype and circulating F<Subscript>2</Subscript>-isoprostane levels in humans

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), an important determinant of plasma lipoprotein metabolism, has three common alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). Population studies have shown that the risk of diseases characterized by oxidative damage, such as coronary heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease, is significantly higher in ɛ4 carriers. We evaluated the association between apoE genotypes and plasma F₂-isoprostane levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, in humans. Two hundred seventy-four healthy subjects (104 males, 170 females; 46.9±13.0 yr; 200 whites, 74 blacks; 81 nonsmokers, 64 passive smokers, and 129 active smokers) recruited for a randomized clinical antioxidant intervention trial were included in this analysis. ApoE genotype was determined by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Free plasma F₂-isoprostane was measured by GC-MS. Genotype groups were compared using multiple regression analysis with adjustment for sex, age, race, smoking status, body mass index, plasma ascorbic acid, and β-carotene. Subjects with ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 genotype (ε4-carriers) and with ε2/ε3 and ε3/ε3 (non-ε4-carriers) were pooled for analysis. In subjects with high cholesterol levels (total cholesterol above 200 mg/dl), plasma F₂-isoprostane levels were 29% higher in ε4 carriers than in non-ε4-carriers (P=0.0056). High-cholesterol subjects that are ε4 carriers have significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation as assessed by circulating F₂-isoprostane levels.     

HEAT TREATMENT STRENGTHENING EFFECTS OF RARE EARTHS ON Mg—9Al ALLOY

Mg-9Al-xRE magnesium alloys were studied, where, x is 0, 0.4. 0.8. 1.2 and 1.6% (in weight percent, wt%), respectively. Influence of rare earths (RE) on microstructure and strength in both T4 (solute heat treatment) and T6 (solute heat treatment and artificial ageing treatment) were investigated. Strength of specimen was tested at ambient temperature. The micro structure was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. RE additions improved T4 tensile strength of the treated alloys. Small addition (0.4wt%) of RE greatly improved the strength of ageing treated (T6) Mg-9Al alloy, but further additions caused decreasing.     

INFLUENCE OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ON HYDROGEN DIFFUSION USING SCM-DV-Xα

The influence of alloy composition (Ti,Mn,TiN) on hydrogen diffusion in Fe was studied in detail using SCM-DV-Xα method.The voltage barriers were obtained via calculation on Fe clusters containing the alloy elements such as Ti,Mn as well as the chemical compound TiN respectively.The results showed that Ti element produced deep trap in Fe,decreasing the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen elements，Mn element did not produce deep trap in Fe,decreasing the diffusion coefficient slightly and TiN in Fe produced very deep “trap” decreasing the diffusion coefficient obviously.The calculation results were in agreement with experiment results.     

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF HIGHLY UNDERCOOLED EUTECTIC Ni78.6Si21.4 ALLOY

A large undercooling level up to 550K （0.386Te） was achieved in eutectic Ni78.6Si21.4melt by the combination of molten-glass and cyclic superheating. A microcrystaUine structure is obtained at large undercooling. Surprisingly, the morphology of ct（Ni） phase transits from the non-faceted phaseto faceted phase at large undercooling of 390K. Based on the classical nucleation theory and transient nucleation theory, the process of microstructure evolution and competitive nucleation was analyzed, and the refinement of crystal structure is determined by the high nucleation rate under large undercooling.     

MULTIAXIAL CREEP-FATIGUE LIFE EVALUATION UNDER PROPORTIONAL LOADING

A new method was proposed for the multiaxial creep-fatigue life evaluation under proportional loadings. Because this method was derived from the strain range partitioning method with a multiaxiality factor, it was possible to consider the influence of both creep-fatigue interaction and multiaxial stress state on fatigue life. In order to predict the combined axial-torsional fatigue life the damage under combined loading was defined as linear summation of the damages under axial loading and torsional loading. Axial-torsional creep-fatigue tests were carried out using tubular specimens of 316LC austenitic stainless steel and the ferritic rotor steel. This rotor steel was developed for the permanent magnet type eddy current retarder in heavy trucks. Experimentally obtained lives of both steels were well corresponded with the lives predicted by the proposed method. It was found that the proposed method was effective in multiaxial fatigue life evaluation under proportional creep-fatigue Ioadings.     

THE EFFECTS OF SPUTTERING POWER ON STRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Cu FILMS

1. IntroductionCu filnls are very pron1isillg for electronic devices because of both high electromigrationresista11ce alld high electrical conductivity['--']. For a sputter-deposited film, base pressure,deposition rate, substrate temperature and energetic…     

THEORY DEPOSITION MODEL AND INFLUENCING FACTORS DURING PROCESS OF PREPARING MICRO-LAYER LAMINATE BY EBPVD

This paper briefly introduces the characteristics of electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) technique and the whole process of preparing micro-layer composite laminate. And several major influencing factors are presented and discussed. It was found that residual gas pressure should be low enough to guarantee the unobstructed transportation of vapor steam and electron beam; the evaporation method and evaporation speed are up to the different vapor pressure deficit of compositions of raw materials; and the substrate temperature could have great influence on the microstructure of the micro-layer laminates.