InSb,GaSb, and GaInSb grown using trisdimethylaminoantimony

GalnSb alloys as well as the constituent binaries InSb and GaSb have been grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using the new antimony precursor trisdimethylaminoantimony (TDMASb) combined with conventional group III precursors trimethylindium (TMIn) and trimethylgallium (TMGa). InSb layers were grown at temperatures between 275 and 425°C. The low values of V/III ratio required to obtain good morphologies at the lowest temperatures indicate that the pyrolysis temperature is low for TDMASb. In fact, at the lowest temperatures, the InSb growth efficiency is higher than for other antimony precursors, indicating the TDMASb pyrolysis products assist with TMIn pyrolysis. A similar, but less pronounced trend is observed for GaSb growth at temperatures of less than 500°C. No excess carbon contamination is observed for either the InSb or GaSb layers. Ga_1-xIn_xSb layers with excellent morphologies with values of x between 0 and 0.5 were grown on GaSb substrates without the use of graded layers. The growth temperature was 525°C and the values of V/III ratio, optimized for each value of x, ranged between 1.25 and 1.38. Strong photoluminescence (PL) was observed for values of x of less than 0.3, with values of halfwidth ranging from 13 to 16 meV, somewhat smaller than previous reports for layers grown using conventional precursors without the use of graded layers at the interface. The PL intensity was observed to decrease significantly for higher values of x. The PL peak energies were found to track the band gap energy; thus, the luminescence is due to band edge processes. The layers were all p-type with carrier concentrations of approximately 10¹⁷ cm³. Transmission electron diffraction studies indicate that the Ga_0.5In_0.5 Sb layers are ordered. Two variants of the Cu-Pt structure are observed with nearly the same diffracted intensities. This is the first report of ordering in GalnSb alloys.     

New color TV cameras for ultraviolet, near infrared and visiblelight

Two kinds of TV cameras have been developed that are capable of showing the wavelengths of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light by means of a false color method. One is sensitive to wavelengths from 250 to 650 nm (ultraviolet to yellow). It can simulate the color vision of the honey bee and other insects, reproducing the nectar guide of a flower or displaying the sex of a cabbage white moth, which is indistinguishable to the naked eye. The other is sensitive to a wider wavelength of 250 to 1,050 nm (ultraviolet to near infrared). According to the filter selected, it obtains not only visual images of invisible light information but also pictures same as those from an ordinary color camera. These TV cameras can be applied in many fields, including science, art, medicine, and industry     

Knowledge-based diagnosis of drill conditions

One major bottleneck in the automation of the drilling process by robots in the aerospace industry is drill condition monitoring. This paper describes a system approach to solve this problem through the advancement of new machine design, sensor instrumentation, metal-cutting research, and intelligent software development. All drill failures can be detected and distinguished: chisel edge wear, flank wear, crater wear, margin wear, corner wear, breakage, asymmetry, lip height difference, and chipping at lips. However, in the real manufacturing environment, different workpiece materials, drill size, drill geometry, drill material, cutting speed, feed rate, etc. will change the criteria for judging the drill condition. The knowledge base used for diagnosing the drill failures requires a huge data bank and prior exhaustive testing. A self-learning scheme is therefore introduced to the machine in order to acquire the threshold history needed for automatic diagnosis by using the same new tool under the same drilling conditions.     

Clinical study of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and nifedipine on intraoperative hypertension

The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between the exposure of adolescents in the seventh and eighth grades to cigarette advertising and their being smokers. A survey questionnaire given to 602 adolescents assessed their exposure to cigarette advertising and provided measures of their smoking behavior, demographic characteristics, and some psychosocial variables. The results indicated that exposure to cigarette advertising and having friends who smoked were predictive of current smoking status. Adolescents with high exposure to cigarette advertising were significantly more likely to be smokers, according to several measures of smoking behavior, than were those with low exposure to cigarette advertising. The findings extend previous research identifying factors that may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of smoking among adolescents.     

Polyamine analogue regulation of NMDA MK-801 binding: a structure-activity study

A series of analogues and homologues of spermine were synthesized, and their impact on MK-801 binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was evaluated. These tetraamines encompass both linear and cyclic compounds. The linear molecules include norspermine, N1, N11-diethylnorspermine, N1,N12-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)spermine, homospermine, and N1,N14-diethylhomospermine. The cyclic tetraamines consist of the piperidine analogues N1,N3-bis(4-piperidinyl)-1,3-diaminopropane, N1,N4-bis(4-piperidinyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, N1,N4-bis(4-piperidinylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, and N1,N4-bis[2-(4-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,4-diaminobutane and the pyridine analogues N1,N3-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3-diaminopropane, N1,N4-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, N1,N4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, and N1,N4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)-ethyl]-1,4-diaminobutane. This structure-activity set makes it possible to establish the importance of charge, intercharge distance, and terminal nitrogen substitution on polyamine-regulated MK-801 binding in the NMDA channel. Four families of tetraamines are included in this set: norspermines, spermines, homospermines, and tetraazaoctadecanes. Calculations employing a SYBYL modeling program revealed that the distance between terminal nitrogens ranges between 12.62 and 19.61 A. The tetraamines are constructed such that within families cyclics and acyclics have similar lengths but different nitrogen pKa's and thus different protonation, or charge, states at physiological pH. The pKa values for all nitrogens of each molecule and its protonation state at physiological pH are described. The modifications at the terminal nitrogens include introduction of ethyl and beta,beta,beta-trifluoroethyl groups and incorporation into piperidinyl or pyridyl systems. The studies clearly indicate that polyamine length, charge, and terminal nitrogen substitution have a significant effect on how the tetraamine regulates MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor. Thus a structure-activity basis set on which future design of MK-801 agonists and antagonists can be based is now available.     

Cytomegalovirus disease accompanied by severe hypoproteinemia in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma

A 62-year-old Japanese man complained of fever, general fatigue, anorexia and watery diarrhea during remission of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Laboratory examinations showed severe hypoproteinemia (2.9 g/dl). However, neither intestinal lesions associated with ATL nor findings suggesting protein losing gastroenteropathy were observed. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen detection assay using peripheral blood leukocytes revealed that he had an active CMV infection with hemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment with ganciclovir and methylprednisolone led to an improvement of hypoproteinemia. CMV disease and associated hemophagocytic syndrome should be considered as a cause of hypoproteinemia in an immunocompromised host.     

Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, inhibits erythropoietin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells

We report a large kindred in which a punctate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is associated with malignancy, including Hodgkin's disease, renal, breast, pancreatic and colonic adenocarcinomas. The family was traced through four generations, and over 320 individuals were identified, of whom 49 had punctate PPK. The punctate PPK appeared to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. Ten of the 43 adults (23%) with punctate PPK developed malignancies, and five of these developed before the age of 50. Of the 271 unaffected individuals, six (2%) have developed malignancies, one prior to the age of 50. The association of keratoderma and malignancy is discussed.