Thermal waves and non-uniform steady state in a Fe + H2 system

Electrically heated filaments are frequently used to study catalytic processes. In this respect the phenomenon of propagation of nonlinear thermal waves which separate regions of different temperatures on an iron filament heated by an electrical current in H₂ atmosphere has been theoretically and experimentally studied. It has been shown that the character of wave propagation is dependent on the condition of feeding the current. The waves are propagated with constant velocity when the feeding takes place from a stabilized current source, while the velocity is variable when a stabilized voltage source is used. In both cases the formation of non-uniform stable steady states (structures) is possible. In the first case they exist for a unique value of the parameter (current) while for the second case, stable structures are observed for a certain interval of values of the parameter (voltage).     

Nuclear data sheets for A = 185

The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A=185 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, spin, parity, and configuration assignments are given.     

Structural and immunologic studies of Proteus mirabilis 033 O-specific polysaccharide

A variety of adrenal imaging agents have been used in nuclear medicine, but no agent has been developed for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The authors have previously observed accumulation of aminated macromolecules in adrenal glands. They now report the synthesis of a model polymeric aminated contrast agent for enhanced MR imaging of the adrenal glands. The model agent consisted of a poly-L-lysine conjugate (molecular weight, 245 kd) that had 70% free epsilon amino groups and 30% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-derivatized amino groups to bind indium-111 or gadolinium. One hour after intravenous administration of this compound, adrenal uptake was 10.1% +/- 0.7 of injected dose per gram of tissue. When all free epsilon amino groups of the polylysine were completely substituted with DTPA, adrenal uptake was 3.4 times lower, indicating the importance of free amino groups for adrenal uptake. MR imaging in rats showed that a dose of 0.08 mmol of gadolinium per kilogram of the agent was sufficient to enhance the signal intensity of adrenal glands. There hours after intravenous administration of the agent, signal intensity of the adrenal glands was 186% of precontrast values (liver, 165%; kidney, 91%). Fluorescence microscopy showed that the agent accumulated primarily in the cortical zona glomerulosa and in the adrenal medulla. These initial studies demonstrate the feasibility of designing contrast agents for MR imaging of the adrenal glands.     

A comparative study of 1H NMR lineshape fitting analyses and biochemical lipid analyses of the lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL, and total human blood plasma

The purpose of this work was two-fold. In the first instance, 1H NMR spectra of the ultracentrifuged lipoprotein fractions (VLDL, LDL and HDL) from six volunteers with different clinical conditions were measured. The methylene regions of the experimental spectra were modelled in the frequency domain using non-linear lineshape fitting analyses. In this way the resolvable Lorentzian component structures of the methylene regions of these lipoprotein fraction spectra could be determined. Second, the lipoprotein fraction analyses were used to construct simplified component structures, which interpreted the lipoprotein fraction spectra well, and were feasible to use in the total plasma spectra analyses. The considerable overlap problem of the resonances was properly handled in this way. The NMR-based relative amounts of the lipoproteins (relative integrated intensities of the lipoprotein model signals) obtained were compared to the biochemically resolved relative molar percentages of the lipoprotein fractions and also of the lipid contents between the lipoprotein complexes. It was noticed that nearly all correlations were extremely good. Thus, it is suggested that the developed methodology could be used as a fast method to predict the relative amounts of the lipoproteins and also possibly the relative lipid contents between the major lipoprotein categories directly from the proton NMR spectrum of a total blood plasma sample. Furthermore, if internal or external reference for the integrated intensities of the proton NMR resonances were used, it should also be possible to obtain the absolute amounts of these quantities.     

Nedocromil sodium inhibits T-cell function in vitro and in vivo

Nedocromil sodium, a topical antiinflammatory agent recommended as a prophylactic regimen for asthma, is known to inhibit both allergic and nonallergic inflammatory processes in which an essential role for T cells has been implicated. Therefore the direct effects of this drug on several aspects of T-cell activity were analyzed in the present study. By using murine lymphocytes we found that NS at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L inhibited the mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferative responses of these cells. It is interesting to note that higher concentrations were ineffective. Preincubation of immune lymph node cells from contact sensitized mice with the drug abrogated their ability to transfer contact sensitivity to naive recipients, an effect that was found to be specific for the treated cells. Nedocromil sodium also interfered with the mitogen-induced interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor production by T cells and with their ability to adhere to the bound protein components of the extracellular matrix laminin and fibronectin. All these effects may be attributed to the inhibition of the increase of cytosolic calcium, which accompanies the early phase of T-cell activation and which is an essential step in inducing the aforementioned phenomena.     

Selective regulation of protein kinase C isoenzymes by oleic acid in human platelets

Cis-unsaturated fatty acids activate soluble protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro and in intact platelets. The following studies were conducted to determine the effects of oleate on individual isoenzymes of PKC in human platelets. Human platelets were found to contain predominantly PKC alpha, beta I, beta II, and delta with minor immunoreactivity for PKC epsilon, zeta, and eta. In intact platelets, sodium oleate caused a time-dependent redistribution of PKC alpha, beta II, and delta from cytosol to membrane fractions with little effects on PKC beta I. On the other hand, PMA and thrombin induced translocation of all four isoenzymes of PKC. In vitro, oleate partially activated (50% of Vmax) purified calcium-dependent PKC (alpha, beta I, and beta II) with an EC50 of 50 microM whereas it fully activated (100% of Vmax) purified calcium-independent PKC (predominantly delta) with an EC50 of 5 microM. The selective effects of oleate on PKC isoenzymes were investigated in platelet cytosol which contains endogenous PKC and its physiologic substrates. Under these conditions, oleate potently activated calcium-independent PKC causing the phosphorylation of the 40-kDa substrate. Activation of calcium-dependent isoforms occurred only at higher concentrations of oleate. Thus, oleate activates multiple isoenzymes of PKC with predominant effects on calcium-independent PKC.     

某单体工程钻孔灌注桩的超声波检测

结合某单体工程中钻孔灌注桩采用的超声波检测,对超声波检测的原理、方法、检测中常见问题及解决办法等进行了较为详细的阐述,指出超声波检测法具有快捷、准确、可靠,能评价钻孔灌注桩的均匀性、完整性及缺陷的位置与性质等优点。     

斜直井眼中钻柱的动力学特性分析

为研究和控制钻柱动力学特性,分析斜直井眼中全井钻柱的受力变形特点,建立了钻柱动力学模型,利用节点迭代法解决了利用整体有限元法计算钻柱动力学特性较困难的问题,并应用节点迭代有限元法研究了钻柱的涡动轨迹和涡动速度等动力学特性。在转盘转速为120 r/min时,在给定的钻柱结构下,井深5256 m处的涡动速度达252 r/min,井深261~732 m处的钻柱应力波动幅值约为15 MPa。结果表明,钻柱内的这种应力波动或涡动特征是导致钻柱失效的重要因素,控制钻柱内的动态应力水平对钻柱失效事故的降低十分重要。