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31.
BACKGROUND: The enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens. They can cause multiple site infections and enterococcal bacteremia becomes more frequently associated with a high mortality rate. Previous studies of enterococcal bacteremia showed a variety of results. To establish the significance and importance of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens in this hospital, to characterize their clinical pictures and to search for the risk factors for mortality, this retrospective study was performed. METHODS: There were 208 cases of enterococcal bacteremia which occurred from 1988 to 1992. Twenty-seven cases had no medical charts, dismissing possibility of evaluation. Finally, 181 cases of enterococcal bacteremia were analysed. RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen episodes were nosocomial infections. Polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in 68.5% of the patients and the most common co-isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Those patients (78.5%) with underlying diseases and malignancies were the most common underlying problems. The portal of entry could be found in 69.6 percent of patients, with the gastrointestinal tract the most common sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high gentamicin resistance rate (89.5%), and ampicillin still had about 80 percent sensitivity rate. The group who received specific antibiotic therapy for enterococcus showed lower mortality (36.4% versus 47.6%). Only one case had infective endocarditis. Forty-nine patients suffered from septic shock, the cause of 30 deaths. Totally 75 patients died during hospitalization. Besides sepsis, another major cause of death was their underlying diseases itself. CONCLUSIONS: Enterococci have no doubt become important nosocomial pathogens and enterococcal bacteremia were associated with high mortality, especially in elderly patients with underlying diseases such as malignancy or diabetes. When clinically dealing with sepsis from the gastrointestinal or biliary tract, especially when previous cephalosporins therapy showed no response, the possibility of enterococcal bacteremia should always be considered. 相似文献
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对油管漏失进行定量测试的方法确定具体漏失位置。方法运用双频道回声探仪探测动液面的原理和工作方法,根据油管漏失形成的死油坏在测试曲线上出现特殊波位置判断油管漏失位置。结果:经过70多井次的现场试验,该方法具有较高的准确性和可靠性。结论:利用特殊波可以有效监测油管漏失,并具有推广使用价值。 相似文献
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We propose and evaluate a parallel “decomposite best-first” search branch-and-bound algorithm (dbs) for MIN-based multiprocessor systems. We start with a new probabilistic model to estimate the number of evaluated nodes for a serial best-first search branch-and-bound algorithm. This analysis is used in predicting the parallel algorithm speed-up. The proposed algorithm initially decomposes a problem into N subproblems, where N is the number of processors available in a multiprocessor. Afterwards, each processor executes the serial best-first search to find a local feasible solution. Local solutions are broadcasted through the network to compute the final solution. A conflict-free mapping scheme, known as the step-by-step spread, is used for subproblem distribution on the MIN. A speedup expression for the parallel algorithm is then derived using the serial best-first search node evaluation model. Our analysis considers both computation and communication overheads for providing realistic speed-up. Communication modeling is also extended for the parallel global best-first search technique. All the analytical results are validated via simulation. For large systems, when communication overhead is taken into consideration, it is observed that the parallel decomposite best-first search algorithm provides better speed-up compared to other reported schemes 相似文献
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本文提出新型布线算法,集李氏迷宫法与线搜索法的长处为一体,以饱和带法进行动态排序,以线搜索法确定借孔位置,然后用李氏法进行单层布线,获得最佳路径,从而达到线型好,布通率高的效果。 相似文献
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存在未建模动态时,如何去除系统传递函数估计中噪声引起的偏差是系统辨识关心的重要问题。本文将我们已提出的BELS方法进行推广得出:当系统未建模动态可用-FIR模型描述时,应用本文的方法可得到系统传递函数的无偏辨识,而不需知道有关噪声和未建模动态概率分布函数的先验知识。 相似文献
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Catastrophic convolutional codes (CC) cause an infinite number of decoded data bit errors when decoding a finite number of code symbols. A CC displays a catastrophic error propagation if the generating polynomials have a common factor. An efficient algorithm for polynomial factorization in GF(2m) is used for detecting catastrophic CC for any rate n/m and constraint length k. A general formula is derived to calculate the number of catastrophic codes in any (m, n, k) CC. 相似文献