Characterization and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a New Bacteriophage BUCT610 against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Efficacy Assessment in Galleria mellonella Larvae

The spread of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) has become an emerging threat as a result of the overuse of antibiotics. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is considered to be a promising alternative treatment for MDR-KP infection compared with antibiotic therapy. In this research, a lytic phage BUCT610 was isolated from hospital sewage. The assembled genome of BUCT610 was 46,774 bp in length, with a GC content of 48%. A total of 83 open reading frames (ORFs) and no virulence or antimicrobial resistance genes were annotated in the BUCT610 genome. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses showed that BUCT610 was most closely linked with the Vibrio phage pYD38-A and shared 69% homology. In addition, bacteriophage BUCT610 exhibited excellent thermal stability (4–75 °C) and broad pH tolerance (pH 3–12) in the stability test. In vivo investigation results showed that BUCT610 significantly increased the survival rate of Klebsiella pneumonia-infected Galleria mellonella larvae from 13.33% to 83.33% within 72 h. In conclusion, these findings indicate that phage BUCT610 holds great promise as an alternative agent with excellent stability for the treatment of MDR-KP infection.     

Topical Omega-3 Fatty Acids Eyedrops in the Treatment of Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review

Dry eye is a common inflammatory condition of the ocular surface. While oral omega-3 supplementation for its treatment has been extensively studied, recent large-scale studies have cast doubt on their efficacy. However, efficacy of topical omega-3 has yet to be reviewed. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for all studies evaluating topical omega-3 in dry eye. Five human and five animal studies were included. Of the five human studies, two were on dry eye disease (DED), one was on contact lens discomfort, and two were on patients undergoing corneal collagen crosslinking. In humans, there is promising evidence for improved ocular surface staining and tear break-up time compared to controls, equivocal evidence for improvements to ocular surface symptoms and meibomian gland dysfunction, and no effect on increasing tear production. Data from animal models largely agree with these findings, and further reveal decreased inflammatory cytokines and monocyte infiltration. Our review suggests that topical omega-3 is a promising treatment for dry eye, but also points to the paucity of evidence in this field. Further trials in humans are required to characterize effects of topical omega-3 and optimize its dosage.     

吡啶类农药最新研究进展

简要叙述了吡啶类农药最近3年的研究进展。内容涉及具有杀菌、杀虫杀螨、除草活性的重要吡啶类化合物及商品化品种的结构和生物活性。     

S,Fe共掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

以水热法制得了S,Fe共掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂(TiO2-S-Fe),XRD分析表明,其为锐钛矿晶型,S,Fe掺杂能抑制TiO2粒径的生长;UV-vis漫反射表明,TiO2-S-Fe对可见光吸收增强,吸收带边明显红移;XPS显示S,Fe共掺杂,使得TiO2表面羟基氧含量提高,从而提高催化剂活性;可见光降解甲基橙溶液结果表明,共掺杂样品光催化效果优于单掺样品,S和Fe共掺杂对提高TiO2可见光活性具有协同效应。当Fe3+∶S∶Ti(摩尔比)=0.005∶1∶1,180℃下水热反应3 h时,制得的TiO2-S-Fe可见光催化活性比纯TiO2的活性提高了约10倍。     

聚硅氧硅氮烷改性烯丙基酚醛杂化树脂的研究

采用二苯基硅二醇与含乙烯基的聚硅氮烷（SiN08）反应，合成了三种含二苯基硅氧链节的聚硅氧硅氮炕MPSZ-1、MPSZ-2、MPSZ-3；并用于烯丙基酚醛（AP）树脂的改性。与纯AP树脂相比，聚硅氧硅氮烷改性烯丙基酚醛树脂（MPSZ／AP）的热分解温度和高温残余质量分数都有较大提高。在N2气氛中，AP的质量损失率为5％时的温度为383℃，900℃残余质量分数为33．0％；MPSZ-1／AP的质量损失率为5％时的温度为465℃，900℃残余质量分数为74．4％。在空气气氛中，AP的900℃残余质量分数仅1．5％，MPSZ-1／AP的900℃残余质量分数为33．8％。MPSZ-1／AP体系的热分解温度和高温残余质量分数与SiN08／AP体系相当，而其固化质量损失率较低，仅为4．4％，适合采用树脂传递模塑（RTM）成形工艺制成复合材料。对聚硅氮烷／AP树脂固化过程的初步研究表明，Si—N键在固化过程中起主要作用。     

Carboxyl‐terminated butadiene–acrylonitrile rubber modified cyanate ester resin

The carboxyl‐terminated butadiene‐a‐acrylonitrile rubber (CTBN) has been proved to be the most effective toughener for cyanate ester (CE) resin. This work mainly focuses on the different modification effects caused by the addition of CTBN with different acrylonitrile content. The phase separation, morphology of fracture surface, and physical properties of the blends are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is testified that the compatibility and toughness between CE and CTBN had a positive correlation with the acrylonitrile content of CTBN. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

甲基纤维素三甲基硅醚的合成、表征及性能研究

通过甲基纤维素与六甲基二硅亚胺的反应,成功地实现了对水溶性物质甲基纤维素醚三甲基硅化的改性;红外光谱验证了反应的发生,核磁共振氢谱确定了三甲基硅甲基纤维素的取代度;纤维素醚上的部分羟基被三甲基硅化后取得了在普通溶剂中的良好的溶解性,且随着取代度的增加,在非极性溶剂中的溶解性逐渐变好;通过热失重实验,对其热稳定性进行了测试。     

化工过程稳定稳态点抗扰动能力定量分析方法

为了从源头上设计本质安全化的化工过程,研究人员提出多种本质安全化的设计方法和策略,先后开发了多种用来比较不同反应路径中有害物质潜在威胁的定量评价指数。本文将化工过程的稳定性作为一个重要因素来研究本质安全化的化工过程的设计方法,通过研究化工过程稳定的稳态解能够承受的扰动范围,提出抗扰动能力指数定量说明稳定解对于扰动的承受能力。本文通过分析厌氧发酵过程和甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合过程,定量计算存在多稳态解区域的稳定解能够承受的扰动范围,这对于设计本质安全化的化工过程具有重要意义。     

膜生物反应器中膜污染控制技术的研究进展

膜污染是膜生物反应器(MBR)运行的必然结果,是MBR大面积推广的严重阻碍,因此研究膜污染控制技术具有重要意义。从膜污染发生前的预防和膜污染发生后的清洗2个方面,论述了常见的各种膜污染控制手段,综述了膜污染控制技术的研究现状与进展。其中膜污染的预防手段主要有膜(膜组件)固有性质的改进、操作条件的优化以及混合液性状的调控3类,而膜污染的清洗手段按是否使用药剂可分为物理清洗和化学清洗2类。综合考察MBR运行中的膜污染状况,采用合理的方法对膜污染进行控制,能够有效延长膜的使用寿命,提高MBR的实用性能。     

阿昔洛韦的合成工艺改进

设计了1条以NaHSO4为催化剂合成阿昔洛韦的新工艺,以醋酐和1,3-二氧戊环为起始原料,合成2-氧杂-1,4-丁二醇二乙酯,然后再与乙酰化后的鸟嘌呤发生缩合制得双乙酰阿昔洛韦,双乙酰阿昔洛韦在Na2CO3水溶液中水解得到目标产物阿昔洛韦。考察了该工艺中反应温度、催化剂用量、溶剂等对反应收率和产品质量的影响。结果表明,在合成关键中间体2-氧杂-1,4-丁二醇二乙酯中,反应温度宜选用60℃;合成双乙酰鸟嘌呤时n（鸟嘌呤）：n（cat）=1.0：0.1为较佳;合成双乙酰阿昔洛韦时选用甲苯作为反应的较佳溶剂。总收率达到79%,并且产物纯度较高,适合工业化生产。