Ten micrometer pixel,quantum dots color conversion layer for high resolution and full color active matrix micro‐LED display

A fine patternable quantum dots (QDs) color conversion layer (CCL) for high resolution and full color active matrix (AM) micro‐LED (μ‐LED) display is demonstrated. QDs CCL could be patterned until 10 μm using photolithography process. It is found that multicoatings with red and green QDs (R‐ and G‐QDs) CCLs on LED array can provide full color AM display.     

Rapid coverage of regions of interest for environmental monitoring

Intelligent Service Robotics - We present a framework for rapidly determining regions of interest (ROIs) from an unknown intensity distribution, particularly in radiation fields. The vast majority...     

Lightweight migration for web applications with framework separation

Web applications (apps) are programs created by web technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Web apps can be executed on any platform that supports a web browser. Such portability allows an interesting user experience called app migration, which can save an app's execution state to a file called snapshot, transmit it to another device, and continue the execution using the snapshot. However, existing approaches save all the states of the current app, regardless of its relevance to an app's state, making the snapshot size and snapshot creation time infeasibly large. For example, web apps are often programmed using web frameworks such as jQuery, which are libraries written in JavaScript to support app developments. We found that most objects created by frameworks during their initialization are not relevant to an app's state. Hence, one idea to reduce the snapshot size is not saving those framework objects in the snapshot but creating them after migration via re‐initialization. Unfortunately, this is not always straightforward since the framework objects are intermingled with the app objects in the heap, possibly pointing to each other. To resolve this, we separated app objects that are attached to framework objects by monitoring app's execution and saved them to the snapshot. This paper proposes such a framework separated migration technique, with optimization to reduce the overhead, especially related to monitoring app's execution. With our approach, we could reduce the snapshot size by 89.1% on average and shorten the migration time by 47.6%, increasing the feasibility of app migration.     

Performance Anomaly Detection in Web Services: An RNN- Based Approach Using Dynamic Quality of Service Features

Performance anomaly detection is the process of identifying occurrences that do not conform to expected behavior or correlate with other incidents or events in time series data. Anomaly detection has been applied to areas such as fraud detection, intrusion detection systems, and network systems. In this paper, we propose an anomaly detection framework that uses dynamic features of quality of service that are collected in a simulated setup. Three variants of recurrent neural networks-SimpleRNN, long short term memory, and gated recurrent unit are evaluated. The results reveal that the proposed method effectively detects anomalies in web services with high accuracy. The performance of the proposed anomaly detection framework is superior to that of existing approaches using maximum accuracy and detection rate metrics.     

ROS‐Sensitive Degradable PEG–PCL–PEG Micellar Thermogel

A reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive degradable polymer would be a promising material in designing a disease‐responsive system or accelerating degradation of polymers with slow hydrolysis kinetics. Here, a thermogelling poly(ethylene glycol)–polycaprolactone–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–PCL–PEG or EG₁₂–CL₂₀–EG₁₂) triblock copolymer with an oxalate group at the middle of the polymer is reported. The polymers form micelles with an average size of 100 nm in water. Thermogelation is observed in a concentration range of 8.0?37.0 wt%. In particular, the aqueous PEG–PCL–PEG triblock copolymer solutions are in a gel state at 37 °C in a concentration range of 25.0–37.0 wt%, whereas the aqueous PEG–PCL diblock copolymer solutions are in a sol state in the same concentration range at 37 °C. Thus, the gel depot could dissolve out once degradation of the triblock copolymers occurs at the oxalate group as confirmed by the in vitro experiment. In vivo gel formation is confirmed by injecting an aqueous PEG–PCL–PEG solution (36.0 wt%) into the subcutaneous layer of rats. The gel completely disappears in 21 d. A model polypeptide drug (cyclosporine A) is released over 21 d from the in situ formed gel. The micelle‐based thermogel of PEG–PCL–PEG with ROS‐triggering degradability is a promising injectable material for biomedical applications.     

Multifunctional Heterogeneous Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Assembled by DNA‐Binding Peptide Anchors

Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are remarkable materials with many exceptional characteristics, their poor chemical functionality limits their potential applications. Herein, a strategy is proposed for functionalizing CNTs, which can be achieved with any functional group (FG) without degrading their intrinsic structure by using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐binding peptide (DBP) anchor. By employing a DBP tagged with a certain FG, such as thiol, biotin, and carboxyl acid, it is possible to introduce any FG with a controlled density on DNA‐wrapped CNTs. Additionally, different types of FGs can be introduced on CNTs simultaneously, using DBPs tagged with different FGs. This method can be used to prepare CNT nanocomposites containing different types of nanoparticles (NPs), such as Au NPs, magnetic NPs, and quantum dots. The CNT nanocomposites decorated with these NPs can be used as reusable catalase‐like nanocomposites with exceptional catalytic activities, owing to the synergistic effects of all the components. Additionally, the unique DBP–DNA interaction allows the on‐demand detachment of the NPs attached to the CNT surface; further, it facilitates a CNT chirality‐specific NP attachment and separation using the sequence‐specific programmable characteristics of oligonucleotides. The proposed method provides a novel chemistry platform for constructing new functional CNTs suitable for diverse applications.     

Functionalized NIR‐II Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Single‐cell to Whole‐Organ Imaging of PSMA‐Positive Prostate Cancer

Development of molecular probes holds great promise for early diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer. Here, 2‐[3‐(1,3‐dicarboxypropyl) ureido] pentanedioic acid (DUPA)‐conjugated ligand and bis‐isoindigo‐based polymer (BTII) are synthesized to formulate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (BTII‐DUPA SPN) as a prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐targeted probe for prostate cancer imaging in the NIR‐II window. Insights into the interaction of the imaging probes with the biological targets from single cell to whole organ are obtained by transient absorption (TA) microscopy and photoacoustic (PA) tomography. At single‐cell level, TA microscopy reveals the targeting efficiency, kinetics, and specificity of BTII‐DUPA SPN to PSMA‐positive prostate cancer. At organ level, PA tomographic imaging of BTII‐DUPA SPN in the NIR‐II window demonstrates superior imaging depth and contrast. By intravenous administration, BTII‐DUPA SPN demonstrates selective accumulation and retention in the PSMA‐positive tumor, allowing noninvasive PA detection of PSMA overexpressing prostate tumors in vivo. The distribution of nanoparticles inside the tumor tissue is further analyzed through TA microscopy. These results collectively demonstrate BTII‐DUPA SPN as a promising probe for prostate cancer diagnosis by PA tomography.     

Anti‐Atherogenic Effect of Stem Cell Nanovesicles Targeting Disturbed Flow Sites

Atherosclerosis development leads to irreversible cascades, highlighting the unmet need for improved methods of early diagnosis and prevention. Disturbed flow formation is one of the earliest atherogenic events, resulting in increased endothelial permeability and subsequent monocyte recruitment. Here, a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived nanovesicle (NV) that can target disturbed flow sites with the peptide GSPREYTSYMPH (PREY) (PMSC‐NVs) is presented which is selected through phage display screening of a hundred million peptides. The PMSC‐NVs are effectively produced from human MSCs (hMSCs) using plasmid DNA designed to functionalize the cell membrane with PREY. The potent anti‐inflammatory and pro‐endothelial recovery effects are confirmed, similar to those of hMSCs, employing mouse and porcine partial carotid artery ligation models as well as a microfluidic disturbed flow model with human carotid artery‐derived endothelial cells. This nanoscale platform is expected to contribute to the development of new theragnostic strategies for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.     

Atomic Layer Deposition‐Assisted Fabrication of Co‐Nanoparticle/N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Transition metal (TM)‐based carbon hybrids have numerous applications in the field of regenerative electrochemical energy. The synergetic effects of high conductivity of carbon supports and abundant catalytic active sites in TMs make these hybrids promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. However, strategies for modulating the catalytic active species in the above hybrids are limited despite being highly sought after. Furthermore, the exact roles of chemical species in the hybrids (e.g., N, C, or TM) mainly responsible for this high OER performance remain unknown. Herein, an innovative approach based on atomic layer deposition is developed to tune the true active species in Co nanoparticle/N‐doped carbon nanotube (Co/N‐CNT) hybrids. Specifically, the configuration predominantly promoting water oxidation in an alkaline medium is identified as pyridinic N–Co–C. Furthermore, a physicochemical intact interface between metallic Co nanoparticles and conductive N‐CNTs is demonstrated to induce synergetic effects for accelerating charge transfer and enhancing electrocatalytic activity as well as stability in the hybrid catalysts. The optimized hybrid catalyst is revealed to exhibit outstanding alkaline OER activity and stability, outperforming RuO₂, a benchmark novel OER electrocatalyst.     

A “Sticky” Mucin‐Inspired DNA‐Polysaccharide Binder for Silicon and Silicon–Graphite Blended Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

New binder concepts have lately demonstrated improvements in the cycle life of high‐capacity silicon anodes. Those binder designs adopt adhesive functional groups to enhance affinity with silicon particles and 3D network conformation to secure electrode integrity. However, homogeneous distribution of silicon particles in the presence of a substantial volumetric content of carbonaceous components (i.e., conductive agent, graphite, etc.) is still difficult to achieve while the binder maintains its desired 3D network. Inspired by mucin, the amphiphilic macromolecular lubricant, secreted on the hydrophobic surface of gastrointestine to interface aqueous serous fluid, here, a renatured DNA‐alginate amphiphilic binder for silicon and silicon–graphite blended electrodes is reported. Mimicking mucin's structure comprised of a hydrophobic protein backbone and hydrophilic oligosaccharide branches, the renatured DNA‐alginate binder offers amphiphilicity from both components, along with a 3D fractal network structure. The DNA‐alginate binder facilitates homogeneous distribution of electrode components in the electrode as well as its enhanced adhesion onto a current collector, leading to improved cyclability in both silicon and silicon–graphite blended electrodes.