Piezo‐Phototronic Effect on Selective Electron or Hole Transport through Depletion Region of Vis–NIR Broadband Photodiode

Silicon underpins nearly all microelectronics today and will continue to do so for some decades to come. However, for silicon photonics, the indirect band gap of silicon and lack of adjustability severely limit its use in applications such as broadband photodiodes. Here, a high‐performance p‐Si/n‐ZnO broadband photodiode working in a wide wavelength range from visible to near‐infrared light with high sensitivity, fast response, and good stability is reported. The absorption of near‐infrared wavelength light is significantly enhanced due to the nanostructured/textured top surface. The general performance of the broadband photodiodes can be further improved by the piezo‐phototronic effect. The enhancement of responsivity can reach a maximum of 78% to 442 nm illumination, the linearity and saturation limit to 1060 nm light are also significantly increased by applying external strains. The photodiode is illuminated with different wavelength lights to selectively choose the photogenerated charge carriers (either electrons or holes) passing through the depletion region, to investigate the piezo‐phototronic effect on electron or hole transport separately for the first time. This is essential for studying the basic principles in order to develop a full understanding about piezotronics and it also enables the development of the better performance of optoelectronics.     

The solution growth of copper nanowires and nanotubes is driven by screw dislocations

Copper (Cu) nanowires (NWs) are inexpensive conducting nanomaterials intensively explored for transparent conducting electrodes and other applications. However, the mechanism for solution growth of Cu NWs remains elusive so far. Here we show that the one-dimensional anisotropic growth of Cu NWs and nanotubes (NTs) in solution is driven by axial screw dislocations. All three types of evidence for dislocation-driven growth have been conclusively observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques: rigorous two-beam TEM analysis that conclusively characterizes the dislocations in the NWs to be pure screw dislocations along <110> direction, twist contour analysis that confirms the presence of Eshelby twist associated with the dislocation, and the observation of spontaneously formed hollow NTs. The reduction-oxidation (redox) electrochemical reaction forming the Cu NWs presents new chemistry for controlling supersaturation to promote dislocation-driven NW growth. Using this understanding to intentionally manipulate the supersaturation, we have further improved the NW growth by using a continuous flow reactor to yield longer Cu NWs under much milder chemical conditions. The rational synthesis of Cu NWs with control over size and geometry will facilitate their applications.     

Electromechanical properties of Pb(In(1∕2)Nb(1∕2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1∕3)Nb(2∕3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) single crystals

The Pb(In(1∕2)Nb(1∕2))O(3)-Pb(Mg(1∕3)Nb(2∕3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) (PIN-PMN-PT) crystals were studied as function of phase and orientation. The properties, including the Curie temperature T(C), ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature T(R∕O-T), coercive field, and piezoelectric∕dielectric responses, were systematically investigated with respect to the composition of PIN-PMN-PT crystals. The Curie temperature T(C) was found to increase from 160 to 220 °C with ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature T(R-T) and T(O-T) being in the range of 120-105 °C and105-50 °C, respectively. The piezoelectric activity of PIN-PMN-PT crystals was analyzed by Rayleigh approach. The ultrahigh piezoelectric response for domain engineered [001] (1600-2200 pC∕N) and [011] (830-1550 pC∕N) crystals was believed to be mainly from the intrinsic contribution, whereas the enhanced level of piezoelectric and dielectric losses at the compositions around morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs) was attributed to the phase boundaries motion.     

Investigation of Eu-doped mesoporous titania phosphor with enhanced luminescence

A novel mesoporous TiO2 phosphor doped with Eu was synthesized through a facile hydrothermal synthesis method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as structure template reagent. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and three dimensional Photoluminescence. The X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the products were anatase type with polycrystalline. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis showed that the samples were of high ordered double mesoporous structures. Eu-doped mesoporous TiO2 indicated the typical fluorescent spectra of Eu3+ ion occurred: the excited-states at 5L6 (394 nm), 5D2 (465 nm) and 5D1 (535 nm); the main emission peaks at 592 and 617 nm, corresponding with the transitions 5D0 --> 7F1 and 5D0 --> 7F2, respectively. Meanwhile, the phenomena of Eu(3+)-doped mesoporous TiO2 phosphor with efficient nonradiative energy transfer from the mesoporous TiO2 host to the activator Eu3+ ions was observed and possible emission mechanism was proposed. High dispersion of Eu in mesoporous TiO2 matrix was responsible for enhanced luminescence.     

Conical and biconical ultra-high-Q optical-fiber nanowire microcoil resonator

New 3D geometries of the optical nanowire microcoil resonator are suggested and investigated theoretically. The dependence of the Q factor on coupling parameters is calculated and compared for three different profiles. Results suggest that ultra-high-Q resonators can be fabricated more easily when the nanowire microcoil resonator has a biconical profile.     

基于杨氏方程的固体表面能计算研究进展

从三个重要方面介绍了基于杨氏方程计算固体表面能。阐述了接触角测量技术的基本假设、对固体和液体材料的要求及测量仪设计;叙述了各种常见液体表面能的测量方法及其适用范围;详述了两大类固体表面能、固液界面能和液体表面能的关系模型,并分析了各自的实效性。最后,总结了此类计算方法存在的一些本质问题。     

老龄化背景下乐龄游戏探析

目的评述乐龄游戏研究进展,分析乐龄游戏发展现状和方法应用,探究乐龄游戏面临的挑战和发展趋势。方法基于文献研究和实地调查,全面分析面向老年人的乐龄游戏特点及游戏种类并总结其优劣势。通过整合游戏技术类别,对移动端类、电子类、交互类、VR类乐龄游戏的硬、软件开发手段进行分析,同时结合人本主义理论、情感化理论、熟悉度理论、包容性设计、心流理论的设计方法及评价指标评定,深入挖掘国内乐龄游戏发展机会及其所面临的困境。结论分析乐龄游戏在人机交互安全性、交互流畅性、硬软件设计的合理性及技术上存在的问题并在市场上、技术上和应用上的发展趋势,以期为乐龄游戏后续研究提供有益借鉴。     

结构参数对浮环轴承动态特性的影响研究

为了分析结构参数对浮环轴承动态特性的影响,以摩擦学和流体润滑理论为基础,采用浮环转速比为切入点推导出偏心率与结构参数的变化关系,并以此为基础应用有限元法对其进行分析,得出浮环轴承的动态特性系数随结构参数的变化规律.研究结果表明:总交叉刚度的绝对值和总主阻尼随浮环内外半径比或间隙比的增加而减小;总主刚度的绝对值和总交叉阻尼随浮环内外半径比的增大而减小,随间隙比的增加而增加.研究结果为浮环轴承设计提供了参考依据.     

无机杂化纳米晶最新研究进展

无机杂化纳米晶是2种或多种无机材料纳米晶通过界面外延而获得的纳米系统.综述了无机杂化纳米晶研究的国内外最新发展,重点讨论了现有各制备方法的关键控制因素以及组元间的作用机制对产物性能的影响,展望了该领域今后的研究方向.     

分块特征匹配与局部差分结合的运动目标检测

针对摄像机在运动情况下运动目标检测问题的研究,提出了一种尺度不变特征变换图像分块特征匹配和局部差分算法相结合的运动目标检测方法。该方法不仅可以减少图像配准参数求解所需要的时间,弥补全局运动补偿对图像完整性的影响,并且可以在摄像机运动的情况下准确地检测出运动目标。 实验证明了该方案的有效性。