Hygroresponsive Torsional Yarns and Actuators Based on Cascade Amplification of the Deformation

Fiber-based hygroresponsive torsional actuators provide desirable merits, such as light weight and shapeability, for developing smart systems to harvest energy from moisture which is a ubiquitous natural resource. A key challenge in this development is to realize moisture-triggered actuation combining large actuation and rapid responses. Here, a multiscale design strategy is explored to create high-performance hygroresponsive torsional actuators consisting of chitosan and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The superior actuation performance arises from the synergism of contributing factors at different scales, including 1) MWNCTs accelerate the water transport in primary twisted fibers (PTFs), fostering the rotation of PTFs upon moisture stimuli; 2) in situ-formed hierarchically-assembled twists realize cascade amplification of moisture-triggered actuation. Specifically, PTFs are self-twisted to generate secondary helical yarns, that are subsequently over-twisted to yield tertiary coiled yarn. The resultant yarn actuator can reach a maximum rotation speed of 11 400 rpm in 5 s, output gravitational potential energy of 2.4 J kg⁻¹ and gravitational potential power of 0.053 W kg⁻¹ during contraction. This work represents the first design of fiber-based actuators by virtue of moisture-triggered in situ formation of yarns. The established principles of multiscale design will enable high-performance fiber-based hygroresponsive actuators toward advanced intelligent textile and soft robotics.     

（LPCCa）2（MgNi）17合金的吸放氢性能

研究了用部分Ca取代LPC（LPC为无钕镧镨铈混合稀土金属），同时用部分Ni取代Mg的（LPCCa）2（MgNi）17合金的吸放氢性能。比较了不同温度下，不同成分配比对合金贮氢性能的影响。其中，（LPC）1.9Ca0.1Mg15Ni2合金具有相对较低的放氢温度和较大的放氢节，住275℃的放氢量达3．43％（质量分数）。分析了（LPC）1.9Ca0.1Mg15Ni2的微观结构，同时对合金放氢温度降低的原冈进行了讨论。     

多孔钯的制备及其结构与性能

研究了以钯粉和碳酸钠为原料制备多孔钯的烧结-溶解新工艺，用FESEM分析了多孔钯的微观结构形貌，并进一步研究了制备的多孔钯的力学性能和氢同位素的交排换代性能。结果表明，烧结-溶解工艺能稳定地制备出孔隙率为85．29％-87．82％的多孔钯，其压缩强度大于2MPa。室温下孔隙率为87.30％的多孔钯对氘的单位质量吸收量为0．0767L／g，氢同位素排代交换率为86．2％。     

延缓与加速A1-Cu合金时效析出反应的研究

研究了溶质原子浓度、Si晶体第二相、残余形变、外加莫来石(Mullite)短纤维及其交互作用，对二元Al—Cu合金时效析出行为的影响。试验材料采用挤压铸造方法制备，复合材料中纤维体积分数为18％。实验结果表明：随溶质原子浓度的升高，A1-Cu二元合金中GP，θ″和θ′相的析出都得到了相应加快；Si含量超过一定值后，随Si含量增加，A1-Cu-Si合金中GP区形成受到抑制，而θ″和θ′相的析出得到加快；形变对GP区的抑制和对θ″，θ′和θ相的加速析出具有十分明显的作用；纤维本身除对GP区抑制和对θ″，θ′相的析出加速外，还会与溶质原子、合金元素或第二相以及残余形变交互作用，使GP区被抑制，而θ″，θ′甚至θ相被加速析出等现象进一步加强。用位错理论能较好地解释析出反应延缓与加速的微观机理。     

水下隧道穿越管道保护效果测试评价

本文通过对四川气田北干线涪江隧道穿越管道阴极保护电参数的现场测试，取得了实际可信的基础数据，验证了处于水下隧道洞内的穿越段管道，能得到陆上强制电流阴极保护系统的有效保护，保护电流所必经的岩石层和锚喷钢筋混凝土层对保护电流没有构成屏蔽的结论，对管道工程设计和运行管理具有指导作用。     

感应加热钢包炉的电磁与结构分析

通过电磁场数值计算，对国外感应加热钢包炉的电磁设计及包壳结构进行分析，为国内开发、应用和优化感应加热钢包炉提供基础。     

乳液聚合中乳化剂对聚合物乳液稳定性的影响

简要叙述了聚合物乳液稳定性的测定方法，详细地讨论了乳化剂的类型、用量及加入方式等对丙烯酸酯类聚合物乳液的化学稳定性、机械稳定性及贮存稳定性的影响。     

Aromatic products of 340 °C supercritical-toluene extraction of two Turkish lignites: an n.m.r. study

Fractions of Elbistan and Seyitomer (Turkish) lignites, extracted with supercritical toluene at 340 °C and 8 MPa, have been separated by solvent extraction and silica-gel chromatography. Analyses by n.m.r. and i.r. spectroscopies and other methods have been combined in structural-analysis schemes to yield information about the average molecule in aromatic extracts. Carbon aromaticities, f_a, derived from 22.63 MHz ¹H-decoupled pulse Fourier-transform (PFT) ¹³C-n.m.r. are more widely spread for Elbistan (0.34–0.56) than for Seyitomer (0.40–0.43), and are lower than for supercritical-gas (SCG) products from bituminous coals. ¹³C-n.m.r. also reveals the presence of aromatic ether-O in polar fractions. Narrow aromatic signals in 100 MHz ¹H-n.m.r. spectra suggest the presence of single-aromatic-ring average structures. In the hexane-soluble aromatics, 27% (Elbistan) and 29% (Seyitomer) of the available sites are substituted by alkyI groups, some of which are at least eight carbon atoms long; the hexane-soluble polar and asphaltene/asphaltol fractions contain fewer such groups.     

A new LCL-lens array with electrodes of interlaced structure to be applied for auto-stereoscopic 3D displays

A new design of the liquid crystal lenticular (LCL) lens array with interlaced electrodes is proposed to realize an auto-stereoscopic 3D display. The structure of interlaced electrodes aims to generate a desired non-uniform electric filed to improve the focusing ability of the LCL-lens array with lower voltage drives. This paper is organized as first to describe the design criteria of a lenticular lens sheet for wide extended graphics array LCD panel. Based on the designed lenticular lens array, an LCL-lens array with proposed interlaced electrodes is next designed. The fabrication and the detailed structure are given. A series of experiments are then conducted and successfully verify the focusing capability and desired 3D display functions, that is, to separate two images to right and left eyes. Also, the developed auto-stereoscopic 3D display is able to adapt to varied viewer locations with favorable imaging quality.     

十四醇聚氧化烯烃醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐的表面活性研究

合成了一系列十四醇聚氧乙烯醚和聚氧丙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸盐，比较了其临界胶束浓度、润湿力、起泡力等表面活性