Nonlinear dynamic analysis of traveling wave-type ultrasonic motors

In this paper, nonlinear dynamic response of a traveling wave-type ultrasonic motor was investigated. In particular, understanding the transient dynamics of a bar-type ultrasonic motor, such as starting up and stopping, is of primary interest. First, the transient response of the bar-type ultrasonic motor at starting up and stopping was measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter, and its driving characteristics are discussed in detail. The motor is shown to possess amplitude-dependent nonlinearity that greatly influences the transient dynamics of the motor. Second, a dynamical model of the motor was constructed as a second-order nonlinear oscillator, which represents the dynamics of the piezoelectric ceramic, stator, and rotor. The model features nonlinearities caused by the frictional interface between the stator and the rotor, and cubic nonlinearity in the dynamics of the stator. Coulomb's friction model was employed for the interface model, and a stick-slip phenomenon is considered. Lastly, it was shown that the model is capable of representing the transient dynamics of the motor accurately. The critical parameters in the model were identified from measured results, and numerical simulations were conducted using the model with the identified parameters. Good agreement between the results of measurements and numerical simulations is observed.     

广东电网调度操作实时信息展示系统研究∗

设计了调度实时操作信息的航班式全景展示和调度实时操作进度的物流式展示的方法并开发了系统软件.通过对调度实时运行信息的智能、动态更新,调度对象对其各工作流程节点的处理进程实现"京东购物"式的体验.     

Stability of the low-temperature tetragonal phase in La2?xBaxCuO4 and related compounds

In La_2–x Ba _x CuO₄ (LBCO), the structural transition to a low-temperature tetragonal phase below 60 K and suppression of superconductivity are observed when the carrier density isp 1 /8 per copper. The replacement by divalent ions smaller than Ba²⁺ suppresses the static deformation of the lattice. We have found that the variationsT _d2 and superconducting transition temperatureT _c are quantitatively characterized by the averaged ionic radius at the La site or lattice parameters. This aspect of substitution could be regarded as the effect of chemical pressure, since similar variations have been reported on applying hydrostatic pressure. In La_2–x–y Nd _y (Ba, Sr) _x CuO₄,T _d2 increases with increasingy in a wide range ofp whileT _c is suppressed only at p l /8. The structural transition atT _d2 here should be ascribed mainly to the crystallochemical origin.     

Finite element analysis on global and local estimation for thermo-mechanical response of EPL wafer heating

In this paper, an approach is presented for the computation of the in-plane pattern placement error (PPE) caused by the wafer heating during exposure of electron projection lithography (EPL) using the finite element method (FEM), which is one of candidates in the next-generation lithography (NGL) exposure tools. The PPE is the global and local distortion, and is the thermo-mechanical response due to the thermal deformation of the wafer in the lithography process. The prediction of PPE requires high accuracy for NGL exposure tools. The simultaneous estimation of the global and local PPE to the whole wafer of a full three-dimensional FE model using a solid element requires excessive computation time. A novel technique of numerical simulation is developed and proposed, which is the employment of a shell element combined with previously proposed the dynamic meshing technique (DMT), being possible to predict PPE in realistic computation time with high accuracy. Simulations are performed for the wafer heating of EPL effectively using three techniques, that is the equivalent average heating technique and two proposed techniques. The simulation results agree closely with the result of a full three-dimensional FE analysis, and the required computation time becomes 1/16 or much less of that.     

Pharmacologically induced elements of the hunting and feeding behavior in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina. II. Effects of physostigmine

1. A contact of the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina with its prey (small pteropod mollusk Limacina helicina) evokes a complex pattern of hunting and feeding behavior: protraction of tentacles to seize the prey, activation of buccal apparatus to swallow the prey, activation of locomotor system (speeding up of wing beating), reversal of reaction to tactile stimulation of the head, loss of normal (vertical) orientation in space, and swimming in circles. After injection of physostigmine (PhS), the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, into the hemocoel of intact Clione, all these manifestations of the hunting and feeding behavior could be evoked by tactile stimulation of the head, or they arose spontaneously. 2. In the preparation of the isolated CNS, the effect of PhS on the neural networks controlling different aspects of the hunting and feeding behavior was studied by recording from neurons monitoring activity of different networks (< or = 4 neurons simultaneously). Tactile stimulation of the head was mimicked by a short-term electrical stimulation of the corresponding nerve. Before PhS application, the nerve stimulation evoked elements of the defense reaction, i.e., long-lasting inhibition of all main motor control systems: the locomotor network in the pedal ganglia, the tentacle control network in the cerebral ganglia, and the network controlling radula and hook movements in the buccal ganglia. However, after PhS application, the same stimulus evoked a long-lasting bout of excitation in all the three networks accompanied by activation of the heart-exciting neuron as well as by a modification of the activity of statocyst receptor cells controlling Clione's spatial orientation (the "fictive hunting bout"). Similar hunting bouts could arise spontaneously. 3. Injection of acetylcholine (ACh) into the hemocoel of intact Clione was less effective than injection of PhS. After ACh injection, reversal of reaction to head stimulation was observed in < or = 20% of the experiments (the percentage of positive results was higher if ACh was injected into the head just over the CNS). Bath application of ACh to the isolated CNS did not produce the hunting bouts. However, a short-term local application of ACh to the cerebral ganglia in the isolated CNS resulted in activation of the main motor systems controlling locomotion, protraction of tentacles, and movements of buccal mass. 4. During spontaneous PhS-induced bouts, excitation of different networks involved in hunting behavior was sometimes not quite synchronous. Different networks could be excited in variable order over a period of up to several seconds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Superconductivity in heavily boron-doped silicon carbide

The discoveries of superconductivity in heavily boron-doped diamond in 2004 and silicon in 2006 have renewed the interest in the superconducting state of semiconductors. Charge-carrier doping of wide-gap semiconductors leads to a metallic phase from which upon further doping superconductivity can emerge. Recently, we discovered superconductivity in a closely related system: heavily boron-doped silicon carbide. The sample used for that study consisted of cubic and hexagonal SiC phase fractions and hence this led to the question which of them participated in the superconductivity. Here we studied a hexagonal SiC sample, free from cubic SiC phase by means of x-ray diffraction, resistivity, and ac susceptibility.     

Space charge dynamics in LDPE films immediately before breakdown

Space charge dynamics in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films were observed by the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method during breakdown tests at various temperatures. In order to investigate the intrinsic electrical breakdown, the applied electric field was increased to 300 kV/mm in 150 ms, and kept constant until breakdown of the specimens, or 300 ms at the longest. Space charge profiles were measured at 1 ms intervals. A significant positive charge propagating into the sample was observed only immediately before the breakdown at 90°C. These measurements revealed that the positive charge behavior is strongly related to the breakdown phenomena     

复合混凝剂处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

针对垃圾渗滤液的高浓度、难降解、具有生物毒性的特点,采用混凝沉降法对其进行处理,以处理出水的CODcr为处理程度的表征指标。通过正交实验,确定最佳复合混凝剂的试剂用量,比较不同反应条件对CODcr去除率的影响,优化操作条件。实验结果表明,最佳复合混凝剂:1 250 mg/LPAC+1 500 mg/LPFS+50 mg/L PAM;最佳条件:pH=7.0,搅拌时间为15 min,沉降时间为20 min;CODcr去除率达到66.9%。     

混合脂肪醇磷酸酯渗透剂的合成与性能研究

以脂肪醇、环氧乙烷、五氧化二磷为原料,合成了一系列脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯,筛选出了理想的渗透产品,并通过多组实验数据考查不同磷酸酯的耐碱性和渗透性。检测结果表明：在强烈搅拌下,分批投入五氧化二磷,原料配比为n（脂肪醇）：n（P2O5）=2：1,正辛醇与异辛醇的混合比为1：5时,所得产物有最佳耐碱性和渗透性。     

通风条件对建筑竖井烟气运动的影响模拟

选择典型的竖井建筑结构形式,重点研究不同风速下烟气从燃烧室向竖井中迁移的规律。结果表明,在燃烧室内,风速大于0.5 m/s时CO体积分数和温度变化均非常小;风速小于0.5 m/s时,CO体积分数和温度骤降,形成明显的梯度差;在竖井中,CO浓度先上升后下降,温度逐渐下降,风速对CO的影响和燃烧室内的相同。建议该模型的最佳机械排烟风速为0.5 m/s,可以保证安全,同时实现最佳的经济效益。