Effect of antifoam agents on bubble characteristics in bubble columns based on acoustic sound measurements

In this paper, the effect of antifoam agents on bubble characteristics in bubble columns is studied. Specifically, the bubble characteristics of air in tap water are compared to those of air in 5% and 10% antifoam solutions. Bubble characteristics such as gas holdup, bubble diameter, bubble-size distribution, and damping ratio were investigated at various superficial gas velocities. These properties were deduced from the acoustic sound measurement. The study revealed that the addition of antifoam chemicals reduces the overall gas holdup and increases the average bubble diameter. The bubble-size distribution in tap water is found to be homogeneous while in antifoam solutions to be heterogeneous. It is also found that at low gas velocities the damping ratio for antifoam solutions is higher than that for tap water, while at high gas velocities the damping ratio is not affected. The results affirm that acoustic probes are excellent measuring tools over classical tools at moderate gas velocities.     

基于局部基底弯曲法的高灵敏度薄膜应力测试技术

针对MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical system)和NEMS(nano-electro-mechanical system)对薄膜应力测试的要求,开发了一种新型高灵敏度薄膜应力测试技术,使用自行搭建的准纳米光学干涉测试系统,利用局部基底弯曲来检测薄膜的内应力.该方法不仅保留了传统基底弯曲法的所有优点,而且消除了其系统误差.使用ANSYS对测试结构进行了模拟和优化,对于30nm厚的薄膜,应力检测的分辨率为1.5MPa,优于目前国际上的相关报道.本测试结构使用各向异性腐蚀和DRIE(deep reactive ion etching)完成,加工工艺简单实用.文中使用该测试技术对常用MEMS薄膜的残余应力进行了测量,结果与其他测试方法得到的结果基本一致,测量重复性优于1%.该技术可以用于测试纳米级薄膜及超低应力薄膜的内应力.     

Improving solidification pattern of ESR ingots combined with energy savings

Most of the metallurgical effects resulting from electroslag remelting of metal may be divided into two groups, namely, the effects due to the slag/metal reactions taking place and the effects due to the special solidification conditions characteristic of this process. Solidification of ESR ingots takes place progressively as heat is removed from the liquid metal pool via the mold walls. By careful matching of the melting rate with the freezing rate, the desired shallow metal pool is attained, leading to the well known directional solidification pattern with consequent improvement in properties of the steel. The choice of power parameters is limited by a compromise between the need for a high melting rate for economic reasons (costs) which may tend to give a rather deep metal pool and the need for a shallow metal pool to obtain optimum metallurgical properties. In this process only a relatively small amount of the total energy input is actually utilized to melt down the metal. The major part of the energy is lost from the slag and metal pool to the water cooled mold. In this paper the results of numerical and experimental investigations are presented, setting out a simple method of saving energy and controlling the solidification pattern of the ingot. This method involves the addition of solid particles to the melt to utilize the surplus energy evolved in the central area of the slag bath.     

Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉体的制备及其导电性能

用化学镀法,以葡萄糖为还原剂,制备了Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉体,并用制备的复合纳米粉作为导电相配制了导电浆料。用XRD、TEM和电阻率测定等手段研究了粉体的相结构、形貌、粒度和导电性能。结果表明,制备的Ag包覆Ni复合纳米颗粒具有壳/核结构,核为纳米Ni,壳为Ag,复合纳米颗粒粒度分布为20~100 nm,Ag层的厚度约为4 nm。Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉导电浆料在1.33 Pa的真空下,采用200℃/60 min的烧结工艺,可制得电阻率为(1.26~2.83)×10-4Ω·cm的导电膜,其导电性能优于纳米Ni粉、纳米Cu粉和纳米Ag-Cu合金粉导电浆料。     

便携式智能输液点滴速度监控报警装置的设计

为了实现静脉输液的智能化,基于红外对射技术设计了一套以单片机为核心的智能输液点滴速度监控报警装置。该设计以51系列的STC89C52单片机为主体,用二极管元件进行光-电信号的转换,经LM393电压比较器进行电平比较,信号经单片机处理,最终由发光二极管和蜂鸣器进行声光报警。实验结果表明,本设计实现了点滴信号的采集及显示,并可根据设定的上下限红外感应报警时间判断是否发出声光警报,解决了静脉输液液滴速度调控、液滴缺液的检测等问题,可有效避免静脉输液时的换液不及时现象,减轻病人家属和医护人员的负担。     

太湖流域人工巡测数据采集系统设计与实现

为提高太湖流域水量、水质人工巡测数据采集的信息化水平,设计开发基于移动端和PC端的人工巡测数据采集系统,研发流量自动计算、走航式ADCP自动解析、多元数据融合等关键技术,实现外业现场多元数据(数字图片、高清视频、地理信息)在线采集和融合服务,有助于提高人工巡测数据采集的时效性,提升现场数据采集处理能力,解决流域各分中心人工采集数据信息孤岛问题,为流域水资源管理保护、水旱灾害防御和智慧太湖透彻感知等提供综合信息服务和技术支撑。     

RECTANGLE-80的相关密钥差分分析

轻量级分组密码RECTANGLE采用SPN结构,分组长度是64比特,密钥长度是80或128比特,迭代轮数是25轮。其采用比特切片技术,在软硬件实现方面均有很好的性能。本文以Matsui和Moriai等人的自动化搜索算法为基础,采用包珍珍等人提出的2种优化策略,对RECTANGLE-80版本进行相关密钥差分分析。我们对最窄点处的密钥状态差分进行限制,使最窄点密钥状态差分的汉明重量取值范围分别属于区间[1,1],[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[1,5]五种情况,目的是求得此五种情况下前9轮相关密钥差分最大概率及其对应的路径。我们获得了此5种情况前8轮的最大概率及其对应的路径,前2种情况9轮最大概率及其对应路径和后3种情况9轮最大概率的上界。以上5种情况的结果显示,当取值范围属于后三种情况时,前8轮的最大概率是相同的,由此说明随着取值范围的扩大,最大概率趋向稳定。当最窄点密钥状态差分的汉明重量取值范围属于[1,1]或[1,2]时,9轮的最大概率为2^-42。当取值范围分别是[1,3],[1,4]和[1,5]时,9轮最大概率的上界分别是2^-41,2^-37,2^-34。我们预测9轮最大概率的上界是2^-41,由此可以预测18轮的最大概率的上界是2^-82,从而RECTANGLE-80可以抵抗相关密钥差分分析。这是目前RECTANGLE抵抗相关密钥密码分析安全性评估最好结果。     

Economical study for hydrogen production from seawater using renewable energy in Egypt

This study looks into the possibilities of hydrogen production in the north coast and red-sea Zone, Egypt, to conver renewable energy to hydrogen (power to gas). The main purpose is to estimate the power needed for each kg of hydrogen production from seawater using renewable energy and then the quantity of desalinated seawater needed to cover this cost. We will discuss different scenarios; the main two scenarios are photovoltaic (PV) solar with reverse osmosis (RO) desalination and concentrating solar power (CSP) with multi-effect desalination (MED).     

基于二次注入的配电网接地故障有源电压消弧方法

针对中性点非有效接地配电网中存在的单相接地故障消弧问题,提出了一种基于二次注入的配电网接地故障有源电压消弧方法。该方法通过向配电网中性点注入工频电流来达到单相接地故障消弧目的,确保电网安全稳定运行。注入电流的参考值由二次注入特定电流的方法得到,将注入电流偏差信号通过比例谐振控制器,驱动逆变器开关管产生逆变电流,经滤波电路后注入电网中性点,抑制故障点电压和电流到零。仿真及10kV接地故障实验表明,该方法响应速度快、灵敏度高,能补偿配电网接地故障电流的无功电流分量、有功电流分量及谐波分量,实现瞬时接地故障快速可靠灭弧。     

基于负荷预测与关联规则修正的不良数据辨识方法

随着电力系统的快速发展,使得电网需要对海量、异构和多态的数据进行分析与辨识。传统的不良数据辨识方法辨识效率较低,且不能够高效率利用已知的全部数据信息。为解决此问题,提出了一种基于负荷预测与关联规则修正的不良数据辨识方法。根据数据量之间的内在联系,给出了一种三维矩阵的数据存储方法。建立基于回归分析法的预测模型与基于灰色关联的相关性分析模型,分析节点注入功率与温度之间的变化关系,并采用关联规则与特殊断面修正法对预测值进行修正,进而完成对注入功率的辨识。在此基础上,再通过基尔霍夫定律与残差辨识法完成对支路潮流数据的辨识工作。最后应用实际系统的仿真算例证明了该方法能够在克服残差污染和残差淹没现象的前提下准确辨识出全部的不良数据。