Synthesis of polystyrene/poly(butyl acrylate) core–shell latex and its surface morphology

A polystyrene (PS)/poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) composite emulsion was produced by seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with PS seed particles which were prepared by emulsifier‐free polymerization of styrene with potassium persulfate (KPS) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 70°C for 24 h with stirring at 60 rpm and swelled with the BA monomer in an ethanol/water medium. The structure of the PS/PBA composite particles was confirmed by the presence of the characteristic absorption band attributed to PS and PBA from FTIR spectra. The particles for pure PS and PS/PBA with a low content of the BA monomer were almost spherical and regular. As the BA monomer content was increased, the particle size of the PS/PBA composite particles became larger, and more golf ball‐like particles were produced. The surface morphology of the PS/PBA composite particles was investigated by AFM and SEM. The T_g's attributed to PS and PBA in the PS/PBA composite particles were found at 110 and ?49°C, respectively. The thermal degradation of the pure PS and PS/PBA composite particles occurred in one and two steps, respectively. With an increasing amount of PBA, the initial thermal decomposition temperature increased. On the contrary the residual weight at 450°C decreased with an increasing amount of PBA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 595–601, 2003     

溴碘化银核壳乳剂中电子的捕获和复合

本文应用双注仪制备了在核表面进行不同程度还原增感和一系列溴碘化银核壳乳剂，在没条件下测定了核表面形成的不同还原增感中心对乳剂微晶光电子衰减动力学及发光光谱的影响。结果表明：在一定增感温度和时间条件下，当Ｎａ２ＳＯ３用量低于５．４ｍｇ／ｍｏｌＡｇ时光电子衰减动力学为二级反应，而当Ｎａ２ＳＯ３用量超过２７ｍｇ／ｍｏｌＡｇ时，增感中心一部分作为穴陷阱，另一部分作为电子陷阱，光电子衰减速率决定了电子的捕获     

Shape‐memory polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube fibers

Shape‐memory polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube (SMP–MWNT) composites with various multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) contents were synthesized, and the corresponding SMP–MWNT fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The influence of the MWNT content on the spinnability, fracture morphology, thermal and mechanical properties, and shape‐memory behavior of the shape‐memory polymer was studied. The spinning ability of SMP–MWNTs decreased significantly with increasing MWNT content. When the MWNT content reached 8.0 wt %, the fibers could not be produced because of the poor rheological properties of the composites. The melt‐blending, extrusion, and melt‐spinning processes for the shape‐memory fiber (SMF), particularly at low MWNT contents, caused the nanotubes to distribute homogeneously and preferentially align along the drawing direction of the SMF. The crystallization in the SMF was promoted at low MWNT contents because it acted as a nucleation agent. At high MWNT contents, however, the crystallization was hindered because the movement of the polyurethane chains was restricted. The homogeneously distributed and aligned MWNTs preserved the SMF with high tenacity and initial modulus. The recovery ratio and recovery force were also improved because the MWNTs helped to store the internal elastic energy during stretching and fixing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Surface activity and solubilization of a novel series of functional polyurethane surfactants

Functional polyurethane surfactants (di‐block and tri‐block) were synthesized by addition polymerization of 2,4‐toluenediisocyanate with poly(propylene oxide) and monoallyl‐end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide). The chemical structure of the polyurethane surfactants was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. These polymeric surfactants were found to have excellent surface activity. The lowest surface tension of polyurethane surfactant aqueous solutions could be reduced to 37.6 mN m^?1. All the polyurethane surfactants synthesized had low critical micelle concentrations and could reduce the surface tension even at very low concentration levels (10^?6–10^?5 mol L^?1). The solubilization of toluene in micelles of the synthesized polyurethane surfactants was studied using UV‐visible spectroscopy, and the results showed that they all exhibited good solubilization capacity. Possible solubilization positions of toluene in the micelles are conjectured. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

联合补充库存的拉格朗日松弛与退火算法

针对确定性需求的联合生产补充(JRP)问题,有多种启发式算法,但这些算法或不能保证最优或计算复杂。本文利用现代优化方法模拟退火算法和拉格朗日松驰算法,设计出一种新的算法,通过算例表明该算法可得出较优的可行解,可以更有效地解决实际问题。     

移动机器人智能避障算法仿真研究

针对轮式移动机器人运动过程中避免碰撞固定障碍物的问题,提出了一种基于预先检测位置的智能控制算法。该算法以障碍物边预先检测位置为运行过程的子目标,通过经由各子目标,实现移动机器人绕行障碍物,避免碰撞的目的。仿真结果显示:使用此智能控制算法,移动机器人能够实现平稳绕行障碍物,到达最终目的地。     

矩形和半圆形拉延筋几何参数对拉深阻力的影响

对拉延筋的作用机理进行了研究,基于ANSYS建立拉延筋约束阻力计算有限元模型,研究了矩形和半圆形两种典型拉延筋结构参数对拉深阻力的影响规律。结果表明:两种拉延筋结构参数中筋高与凹槽圆角半径对拉深阻力的影响是一致的,即拉延筋约束阻力与凹槽圆角半径成反比,与筋高成正比。但凸筋圆角半径对拉深阻力影响是不一致的,矩形拉延筋拉深阻力与凸筋圆角半径成反比;而半圆形拉延筋拉深阻力随着凸筋圆角半径的增大,拉深阻力先缓慢增大然后又逐渐减少。     

硬质合金表面热阴极离子镀TiN涂层抗氧化性研究

利用热阴极离子镀技术在牌号为ZK1的硬质合金表面镀制TiN硬质涂层,并在300℃至700℃空气环境下进行抗氧化实验。运用XRD和XPS对涂层进行微观结构和成分的分析,并用SEM进行涂层断口的观察,最后采用显微硬度计和自动划痕仪分別对涂层的显微硬度和膜基结合力进行了检测。实验结果表明,涂层厚度约为5μm,涂层成分以TiN为主,平均显微硬度达2388HV,结合力最大达85N。随着氧化温度的升高,在涂层表面先后形成了TiNxOy、TiO2,涂层的显微硬度和膜基结合力都呈下降趋势并在550℃处剧烈下降。     

二次雷达A/C模式解码算法仿真

为了解决二次雷达在传统的A/C模式下存在的技术缺陷,以传统的"滑窗法"处理为基础,提出了新的算法。该新算法在脉冲前沿检测时,增加了脉冲宽度、幅度处理;在框架检测时,增加了对代码的提取;在参考脉冲选择时,对参考脉冲幅度重新进行了处理;在去幻影准则时,在距离相关的基础上增加了幅度相关;在代码置信度时,采用了"最小误差"方法;在去异步干扰时,采用"5判3"的算法去掉异步干扰和剩余的幻影。仿真结果表明,即使是在高密度询问和复杂的同步窜扰及异步干扰,应答信号存在非常严重的重叠情况时,该算法都具有极高的真实应答的检测概率和极低的虚警概率。     

5000t/d水泥窑Kalina循环余热发电系统应用

根据氨-水混合物的物性,讨论了不同热源温度下Kalina循环适用的工质参数匹配,以5 000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线为研究对象,将Kalina循环系统用于水泥窑余热发电.通过系统的流程仿真模拟,得出了Kalina循环在给定废热条件下的做功能力及系统热力学性能.计算结果表明,Kalina循环系统比Rank ine循环系统发电功率提高20.4%,热效率绝对值提高2.66%,效率达到44.31%.