Measurement of aerosol particles by dynamic light scattering-I. effects of non-Gaussian concentration fluctuation in real time photon correlation spectroscopy

Effects of non-Gaussian concentration fluctuations in real time photon correlation spectroscopy were investigated with several sizes of mono-disperse polystyrene latex particles. The non-Gaussian correlation model for a full or a quasi-full (scaled) correlator showed good performance for particle sizing in the case of scaled correlation. The clipped correlation showed an equivalent performance with the scaled correlation except for the case of non-Gaussian fluctuation, where the measured diameter became inaccurate more rapidly with decreasing particle concentration in the scattering volume. The cause of such an instability of PCS in the clipped mode is attributed to baseline fluctuations of the correlogram induced by information loss of the clipped correlator.     

A new voltage control equipment using fuzzy inference

Power system control equipment needs higher sensitivity and operational reliability. Advanced voltage control equipment is needed for reducing the frequency of tap changes and improving the characteristics (the relationship between the actual voltage and reference voltage) of the voltage to meet today's power system requirements. However, these objectives are in a trade-off relationship. Studies of voltage control derived from a knowledge base suitable for electric power systems can satisfy these objectives using fuzzy inference. Compared with corresponding conventional equipment, the new equipment improved the deviation of 30 min average voltage of 30 percent. This paper describes the design concept of new voltage control equipment using fuzzy inference. In addition, field test results are described along with rules of fuzzy inference, membership functions, and the deviation of 30 min average voltage through detailed simulation.     

Simulation with an improved plasma model utilized to design a new structure of microwave plasma discharge for chemical vapor deposition of diamond crystals

A new structure of microwave plasma for chemical vapor deposition of diamond crystal is proposed. The structure is designed numerically, for which an improved model given in our previous work [H. Yamada et al., J. Appl. Phys. 101 (2007), art. no. 063302.] is utilized. The experimental observations and numerical predictions agree well with each other. It is demonstrated experimentally that the proposed structure can achieve a growth rate larger than 50 μm/h over an area 1 in. in diameter.     

Mortality of chromium plating workers in Japan--a 16-year follow-up study

Opportunistic infections are common and major causes of morbidity in patients with AIDS. Endemic mycoses pose serious risks for patients in certain parts of the world. Histoplasmosis occurs in 2-5% of patients with AIDS in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys of the United States and in over 25% of patients from a few cities. Antigen testing has become a highly useful method for diagnosing histoplasmosis rapidly, evaluating the response to treatment and diagnosing relapse. Treatment with amphotericin B or itraconazole is effective (90% or higher) if the patient is not seriously ill at the time of diagnosis but the mortality approaches 50% for those with multiorgan failure. Itraconazole blood levels should be monitored and drugs that impair the absorption or accelerate the metabolism of itraconazole should be avoided. Prophylaxis with itraconazole may be appropriate in areas with an incidence of histoplasmosis. A recently completed study in cities which have unusually high rates of histoplasmosis will provide greater insight into the role of prophylactic antifungal therapy.     

Quasi-optical waveguide-mode converters using a pair of phase correction mirrors

This paper describes a quasi-optical method for the conversion of modes transmitted through highly oversized circular waveguides. A waveguide-mode is radiated once from a waveguide cut in the form of a radiation beam, which is then properly shaped by two curved mirrors and directed back into the waveguide. The curved mirror shapes are iteratively and automatically determined for given propagation distances using the design technique for phase correction mirrors. The proposed method gives favorable results in designing a waveguide expander/reducer, a TE₀₁-TE₀₂ mode converter, and a TE₀₁-HE₁₁ mode converter.     

Structural study of degraded ZnMgSSe blue light emitters

Using electroluminescence (EL) topography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we investigated the nonluminescent regions which form while current is being injected into ZnMgSSe/ZnSSe/ZnCdSe-based blue light emitters. Small dark spots were observed just after turn-on and spread out forming rough nonluminescent triangles in the <100> directions in the EL image of the active region. TEM studies showed that the small dark spots are pre-existing stacking faults originating at the substrate/epitaxial layer interface. The nonluminescent triangles were found to be a dense region of dislocation dipoles and dislocation loops. Each dipole was aligned along two <110> directions in the {111} planes. The Burgers vectors were of the type a/2<011> inclined at 45° to the (001) junction plane.     

Wind resistant design of a tall building with an ellipsoidal cross section

This paper summarizes the results of the wind design carried out for the Act Tower building in Japan. Wind tunnel tests were performed in order to estimate the building response for different wind directions. Undesirable building motion perceived by building occupants is also studied and antivibration systems have been installed to solve this problem.     

Software‐processed edge‐ and level‐adaptive overdrive (SELAO) method for high‐quality motion pictures

Abstract— In this paper, a software‐processed edge‐ and level‐adaptive overdrive (SELAO) method, which is a novel overdrive technique that utilizes not only a temporal change of gray levels but also a spatial edge intensity of motion pictures, is proposed. The SELAO method is a software video‐processing technology to improve motion‐picture quality rendered on LCDs more than is possible with a conventional SLAO method without edge‐adaptive overdrive, and it works in real time on commonly used personal computers (PCs).