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61.
Urban growth modeling of Kathmandu metropolitan region, Nepal 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The complexity of urban system requires integrated tools and techniques to understand the spatial process of urban development and project the future scenarios. This research aims to simulate urban growth patterns in Kathmandu metropolitan region in Nepal. The region, surrounded by complex mountainous terrain, has very limited land resources for new developments. As similar to many cities of the developing world, it has been facing rapid population growth and daunting environmental problems. Three time series land use maps in a fine-scale (30 m resolution), derived from satellite remote sensing, for the last three decades of the 20th century were used to clarify the spatial process of urbanization. Based on the historical experiences of the land use transitions, we adopted weight of evidence method integrated in cellular automata framework for predicting the future spatial patterns of urban growth. We extrapolated urban development patterns to 2010 and 2020 under the current scenario across the metropolitan region. Depending on local characteristics and land cover transition rates, this model produced noticeable spatial pattern of changes in the region. Based on the extrapolated spatial patterns, the urban development in the Kathmandu valley will continue through both in-filling in existing urban areas and outward rapid expansion toward the east and south directions. Overall development will be greatly affected by the existing urban space, transportation network, and topographic complexity. 相似文献
62.
Real-time traffic will be a predominant traffic type in the next generation networks, and networks with 100% reliability and
availability will be required by real-time premium traffic. It is believed that QoS guarantees could be better provided by
connection oriented networks such as Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). These connection oriented networks are more vulnerable
to network failure. Conventional path protection methods perform re-routing to cope with this. However, re-routing always
causes packet losses and results in service outage. These losses are bursty in nature and highly degrade the QoS of the real-time
premium traffic. Thus, 100% availability cannot be achieved by conventional methods. The novel path protection proposed in
this paper recovers the bursty packet losses due to re-routing by using forward error correction (FEC) path. Therefore, it
can provide network architecture with no service outage for such traffic. The numerical results show that the proposed method
can achieve a very high availability for real-time premium traffic in future IP/MPLS networks.
Mitsuo Hayasaka received B.E. and M.E. degrees from the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan in 2000 and 2002, respectively. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan. His research interests involve QoS controls of real-time multimedia communications, and reliable network architecture. He is a member of IEEE, IEICE and IPSJ. Tetsuya Miki received the B.E. degree from the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan in 1965, the M.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan in 1967 and 1970, respectively. He joined the Electrical Communication Laboratories of NTT in 1970, where he engaged in the research and development of high-speed digital transmission systems using coaxial cable, fiber-optical transmission systems including the initial WDM technologies, fiber-to-the-home systems, ATM systems, network management systems, and broadband network architecture. He is currently a Professor at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, and is interested in photonic networks, community networks, access networks, and dependable networks. A fellow of the IEEE and IEICE, he also served as vice-president of the IEEE Communications Society in 1998 and 1999 and as vice-president of IEICE in 2003 and 2004. 相似文献
Mitsuo HayasakaEmail: |
Mitsuo Hayasaka received B.E. and M.E. degrees from the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan in 2000 and 2002, respectively. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan. His research interests involve QoS controls of real-time multimedia communications, and reliable network architecture. He is a member of IEEE, IEICE and IPSJ. Tetsuya Miki received the B.E. degree from the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan in 1965, the M.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan in 1967 and 1970, respectively. He joined the Electrical Communication Laboratories of NTT in 1970, where he engaged in the research and development of high-speed digital transmission systems using coaxial cable, fiber-optical transmission systems including the initial WDM technologies, fiber-to-the-home systems, ATM systems, network management systems, and broadband network architecture. He is currently a Professor at the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, and is interested in photonic networks, community networks, access networks, and dependable networks. A fellow of the IEEE and IEICE, he also served as vice-president of the IEEE Communications Society in 1998 and 1999 and as vice-president of IEICE in 2003 and 2004. 相似文献
63.
Chin‐Yang Lee Chi‐Hung Liu Chih‐Wei Chen Saodo Miki Huang‐Ming Philip Chen Shermann Lin Po‐Hua Su Chein‐Dhau Lee 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2008,16(1):71-75
Abstract— Novel anode layer plasma within minimum chamber space was developed for non‐contact alignment process. The plasma‐treated polyimide (PI) surface showed no particle contamination and no micro‐scratches. Surface morphology was investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The different oxygen‐to‐carbon ratio ([O]/[C] ratio) for XPS spectra indicated a composition change after plasma treatment. Surface pretilt angles were varied from 0 to 2.1° under different plasma exposure times. Finally, a prototype 20.8‐in. QXGA IPS‐mode gray‐scale medical liquid‐crystal display was successfully demonstrated with high contrast ratio, excellent uniformity, and wide viewing angle using this new plasma‐beam‐alignment technique. 相似文献
64.
Kusaka T Ueno M Miki T Kanenishi K Nagai Y Huang CL Okamoto Y Ogawa T Onodera M Itoh S Akiguchi I Sakamoto H 《Microscopy research and technique》2007,70(7):648-655
We investigated whether beta-amyloid (Abeta)-like immunoreactivity was seen in the brains of newborn piglets. The immunoreactivity for Abeta(1-42) and Abeta(1-40) proteins, but not Abeta precursor protein, was present in CD68-positive perivascular cells of the hippocampus and in parts of the meninges. It was colocalized with immunoreactivity for receptor for advanced glycation end product and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The protein with a molecular mass of 27 kDa, which was recognized by the Abeta antibodies, was identified as triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) with sequence homology to Abeta peptides by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, mass fingerprint analysis using matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and Western blotting. Western blotting assay also revealed that detectable expression of Abeta proteins were not seen in the piglet brains. These findings indicate that TPI with sequence homology to Abeta peptides accumulates in perivascular cells of the microglia/macrophage lineage located around arterial vessels of the newborn piglet hippocampus. 相似文献
65.
目的 研究薄壁曲线箱梁考虑剪力滞效应和材料非线性的计算方法.方法 基于势能变分原理,推导了薄壁曲线箱梁的刚度方程.采用变刚度初法应力法,并结合截面内力塑性系数修正刚度系数,对薄壁曲线箱梁的材料非线性问题进行了求解.结果 通过算例计算,得到了曲线箱梁顶底板的应力分布以及挠度和扭转角的变化曲线.结论 笔者的计算结果与试验值整体吻合较好.对于薄壁曲线箱梁,悬臂板、顶板和底板,分别取三个不同的剪力滞翘曲位移函数的结果,精度优于三者取一个统一的剪力滞翘曲位移函数;随荷载的增加,弯曲剪力滞效应系数较挠度和扭转角更早进入非线性状态,翼缘截面上的应力分布逐渐趋于均匀,上翼缘应力的这种变化趋势要略滞后于下翼缘,而中支座截面翼缘应力的这种变化趋势则略快于左跨跨中和右跨跨中截面. 相似文献
66.
67.
Agglomeration control of hydroxyapatite nano-crystals grown in phase-separated microenvironments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kimiyasu Sato Yuji Hotta Takaaki Nagaoka Masaki Yasuoka Koji Watari 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(17):5424-5428
Materials synthesis processes that require high temperatures consume large quantities of energy that generate an environmental burden. We attempted to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) nano-crystals without firing or melting. “Water in oil” (W/O) emulsions were employed as microreactors for HAp formation. The surfactant-bounded water mediated HAp crystal nucleation, and HAp nano-crystallites were obtained. The obtained particles were aggregates composed of plate-like nano-crystals and monodisperse tiny crystals. Utilization of the W/O emulsions resulted in tunable nucleation frequency and the reactant provision, and yielded HAp nano-crystals with characteristic agglomeration properties. 相似文献
68.
Ichiro Takano Yoshiharu Arai Michiko Sasaki Yoshio Sawada Kaori Yamada Takayoshi Yagasaki Yuji Kimura 《Vacuum》2006,80(7):788-792
Biodegradable plastics can be used as conventional plastics, while on disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms existing in natural environment. Products using biodegradable plastics have recently been developed in many companies pursuing ecology. In this study, surface modification of biodegradable plastics was carried out by inert ion beams for improvement of photo deterioration under an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of biodegradable plastics tended generally to decrease with irradiation of an ultraviolet ray. In this method, the hardness of ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics was kept at an initial value under an ultraviolet ray, because the modified layer by ion bombardment intercepted an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of He+ ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics showed larger value than that of Ar+ ion bombardment. He+ ion bombardment at ion energy of 10 keV produced the suitable property with both of high transmittance of a visible ray and high interception of an ultraviolet ray in a surface layer of biodegradable plastics. 相似文献
69.
It is well known that the morphologies of the α martensite formed from the γ phase in ferrous alloys are classified into five types of lath, butterfly, (225)A type plate,lenticular and thin-plate. Among those α martensites, onlythe thinplate martensite, which is characterized by containing a high density of transformation twins, has a potential of exhibiting a perfect shape memory (SM) effect.Recently the present authors found in Fe-Ni-Si alloys that the thin-plate martensite is formed by the introduction of fine and coherent γ-(Ni,Fe)3Si particles with a L12 ordered structure in the austenite matrix due to ausaging. In the present study, the SM properties of the ausaged Fe-Ni-Si alloys with the thin-plate martensite are investigated by a conventional bending-test. The effects of the addition of Co to the Fe-Ni-Si alloys on the martensitic transformation and the SM properties are also investigated. It is shown that while the ausaged Fe-Ni-Si ternary alloys exhibit an imperfect SM effect due to reverse transformation from stress-induced thin-plate martensite to austenite, the SM properties are improved by the addition of Co. An almost perfect SM effect is confirmed in the Fe-Ni-Si-Co alloys by heating to 1 100 ℃ after deformation at -196 ℃. 相似文献
70.
Yuji Takeda Masami Takagi Takayoshi Kurita Yoji Watanabe Mamoru Amano Hiroki Nakano 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2003,11(4):667-673
Abstract— A reliable external‐electrode mercury fluorescent lamp (EEFL) has been developed for backlighting a liquid‐crystal‐television (LC‐TV) display. This involved the investigation of the EEFL characteristics and the improvement in the construction of the EEFL and drive waveforms, in the frequency range of 50–200 kHz, that affects the EEFL characteristics. The results showed that a sinusoidal waveform is suitable for driving the EEFL, and EEFL's voltage decreases when the frequency of the drive waveform is increased. 相似文献