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61.
A monitoring of tool wear in different cutting operations has been studied for many years. Special techniques have been used to detect a wear status basing upon cutting forces, acoustic emission, temperature, torque and power, vibration, noise and acceleration sensors. The adapting of a proper prediction method allows to solve problems of an automatic supervision in Computer Integrated Manufacturing systems. A task of the abrasive edge wear index prediction can be formulated as follows: disposing by the data collection of the edge wear status in a time period preceding the concerning the wear status in the successive time period embraced by the prediction method. 相似文献
62.
Z. Yu Y. F. Hsia X. Z. You H. Spiering P. Gutlich 《Journal of Materials Science》1997,32(24):6579-6581
A light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) experiment for a thermal gradual spin crossover complex, Fetris (2-pyridylmethyl)
amine(NCS)2 or Fe(tpa) (NCS)2, was attempted for the first time. The high spin (HS) state after light inducement stayed metastable
over a period of days without relaxation at 10 K. Intersystem relaxation from a high to a low spin (LS) complex occurred at
50 K after bleaching at 10 K. Investigation of the Mossbauer spectra of the LIESST and relaxation experiment indicated that
the Debye–Waller factor was a correlation parameter of the HS fraction and that the co-operative effect played a role in the
relaxation process for such a solid compound.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
63.
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65.
An automatic tuning algorithm for decentralized PID control in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) plants is presented. This algorithm generalizes the authors' recent auto-tuner for two-input two-output systems to any number of inputs and outputs. The algorithm consists of two stages. In the first, the desired critical point, which consists of the critical gains of all the loops and a critical frequency, is identified. The auto-tuner identifies the desired critical point with almost no a priori information about the process. During the identification phase all controllers are replaced by relays, thus generating limit cycles with the same period in all loops. It is shown that each limit cycle corresponds to a single critical point of the process. By varying the relays parameters different points can be determined. The auto-tuner contains a procedure which converges rapidly to the desired critical point while maintaining the amplitudes of the process variables as well as of the manipulated variables within prespecified ranges. In the second stage, the data of the desired critical point is used to tune the PID controllers by the Ziegler-Nichols rules or their modifications. This paper focuses on the first stage. The steady-state process gains, which are required for the appropriate choice of the desired critical point, are determined by the auto-tuner in closed-loop fashion simultaneously with the identification of the critical point. The identification of the process gains is achieved at no extra plant time. Based upon a large number of simulated cases, the proposed auto-tuner seems to be efficient and robust. The paper discusses the underlying principles of the auto-tuner and its properties and capabilities are demonstrated via examples. 相似文献
66.
HR Rosen G Dorner W Feil G Z?ch K Renner R Bittner R Schiessel 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,40(11):1321-1327
PURPOSE: Transformation of fast-twitching skeletal muscles to slow-twitching, slowly fatigable muscles has become of clinical interest in the recent past. Transposition and transformation of the gracilis muscle to use it as a substitute for a resected or defected anal sphincter (graciloplasty) have been reported as achieving promising results in the treatment of fecal incontinence caused by sphincter defects or following abdominoperineal anorectal excision for cancer. METHOD: This experimental study used a canine model and the sartorius muscle to evaluate the functional efficiency of two different configurations of the muscle loop to compare the presently applied transformation program (8 weeks) with a shorter (5 weeks) protocol. In six beagle dogs, both sartorius muscles were wrapped around two stomas, either in an alpha fashion or in the so-called split-sling technique. Muscle transformation was achieved by controlled neuromuscular stimulation either during eight (Program A) or five weeks (Program B). After completion of the transformation period, the function of the muscle slings was evaluated by manometry, and histomorphologic evaluation of the sartorius muscles was performed. RESULTS: It was shown that muscle transformation led to a slowly fatigable muscle that made it possible to perform continuos (tetanic) contraction, regardless of the configuration or the duration of the transformation. Median pressures created by these muscles also did not differ significantly. In accordance with these functional findings, the histologic evaluation showed the typical, significant increase of Type I fibers in both muscle slings and following both transformation protocols. Although the decrease of fast-twitching Type II fibers was more pronounced following the conventional (8 weeks) program, this finding did not influence the functional results. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our experiment indicate the possibility for using a shorter transformation protocol for transformation of the gracilis muscle during graciloplasty in the clinical setting. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of the modified (split-sling) wrap technique was demonstrated. 相似文献
67.
Particulate TiB2 reinforced aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) were successfully fabricated by means of the reaction processing
method. TiB2 particulates were formed in situ through the reaction of Ti and B in Ti-Al-B, TiO2 and B in TiO2-Al-B, and TiO2 and B2O3 in TiO2-Al-B2O3 systems. The results showed that in situ TiB2 particulates formed in the Ti-Al-B system had a size of 5 μm and they exhibited block and rodlike structures. Moreover, coarse Al3Ti blocks several tens of micrometers in size were also formed simultaneously. On the other hand, equiaxed Al2O3 and TiB2 particulates with a size of less than 2 μm were formed in situ in the TiO2-Al-B and TiO2-Al-B2O3 systems. The Al3Ti phase was completely eliminated in the TiO2-Al-B system with increasing B content. Tensile tests revealed that the Al2O3 · TiB2/Al composite fabricated from the TiO2-Al-B system exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The yield strength of the Al2O3 · TiB2/Al composite appeared to increase with increasing TiB2 content. The yield strength of the Al2O3 · TiB2/Al composite could be further increased by introducing CuO into the TiO2-Al-B system. Such an increment in mechanical strength arose from the strengthening effect caused by the Al2Cu precipitates. The incorporation of CuO had no effect on the in situ reaction process of the TiO2-Al-B system. Finally, the effect of SiC addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites fabricated
from the TiO2-Al-B and TiO2-Al-B-CuO systems was also investigated. 相似文献
68.
The expression of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors was investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR in cultured chick Bergmann and Müller glial cells. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed to the carboxy terminus of the rat NMDAR2A/B we detected the expression of the NMDAR2 subunit in both kinds of culture. The functional subunit of the NMDA receptor, NMDAR1, was detected by means of RT-PCR. These results, together with our previous functional characterization of NMDA receptors in radial glia, provide conclusive evidence for the expression of functional NMDA receptor/channels in Bergmann and Muller glia cells. Our findings strengthen the notion of a modulatory role of glial cells in synaptic transmission. 相似文献
69.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect in vivo of ganciclovir (GCV) on the growth of human ovarian cancer cells (AO) transducted with the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus I type (HSV1-tk). METHODS: Tumors were induced in nude mice by subcutaneous injection of AO cells and AO cells carried with HSV1-tk gene from China strain (AO/HSV1-tk cells). When the growing tumors were visible, GCV was injected daily into the peritoneum of the nude mice. RESULTS: The average weights of survived AO/HSV1-tkc tumors and AO tumors treated with GCV were 0.087 +/- 0.036 g and 0.661 +/- 0.260 g respectively. Most of the survived AO/HSV1-tkc cells treated with GCV were characterized by hypertrophy and necrosis, but their nuclear chromatins predominantely took the forms of heterchromatins. CONCLUSIONS: GCV could effectively inhibit the growth of HSV1-tk positive human ovarian cancer cells in vivo, but the nuclei of the survival tumor cells appeared to proliferate actively. As the same results of in vitro experiments, this may suggest that HSV1-tk/GCV gene therapeutic system might be combined with S-phase chemotherapy to increase the long-term effect. 相似文献
70.
J Nesvera M Pátek J Hochmannová Z Abrhámová V Becvárová M Jelínkova J Vohradsky 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,179(5):1525-1532
The complete nucleotide sequence (4,826 bp) of the cryptic plasmid pGA1 from Corynebacterium glutamicum was determined. DNA sequence analysis revealed four putative coding regions (open reading frame A [ORFA], ORFA2, ORFB, and ORFC). ORFC was identified as a rep gene coding for an initiator of plasmid replication (Rep) according to the high level of homology of its deduced amino acid sequence with the Rep proteins of plasmids pSR1 (from C. glutamicum) and pNG2 (from Corynebacterium diphtheriae). This function was confirmed by deletion mapping of the minimal replicon of pGA1 (1.7 kb) which contains only ORFC. Deletion derivatives of pGA1 devoid of ORFA exhibited significant decreases in the copy number in C. glutamicum cells and displayed segregational instability. Introduction of ORFA in trans into the cells harboring these deletion plasmids dramatically increased their copy number and segregational stability. The ORFA gene product thus positively influences plasmid copy number. This is the first report on such activity associated with a nonintegrating bacterial plasmid. The related plasmids pGA1, pSR1, and pNG2 lacking significant homology with any other plasmid seem to be representatives of a new group of plasmids replicating in the rolling-circle mode. 相似文献