Chromosome instability and unusual features of some widely used strains of Candida albicans

Electrophoretic karyotyping of the Candida albicans revealed a different migration pattern of ChR in three different stocks of the sequencing strain SC5314. In one stock, the high instability of ChR size prevented the migration of ChR as a compact band; ChR appeared, instead, as a smear. In some stocks, ChR and/or Ch1 ploidy diminished, suggesting mixed populations of disomic and monosomic cells. Similarly, some stocks of widely used derivatives CAI4 and BWP17 contained smearing of ChR. In addition, the most manipulated strain in the lineage of SC5314, the last derivative, BWP17, acquired an increase in the size of Ch7b and revealed an unusual property. BWP17 did not tolerate a well-established procedure of telomere-mediated fragmentation of a chromosome; the remaining intact homologue always duplicated. We suggest that some stocks of SC5314 are unstable and that BWP17 may not be appropriate for general studies. Instead of BWP17 or CAI4, we recommend using for general research CAF4-2, which is a relatively stable Ura- derivative, and which has been successfully used for more than a decade in our laboratory.     

Influence of Shear Loading on the Shapes of Optimal Holes in a Quasi-Orthotropic Plate

Materials Science - We develop an analytic-numerical algorithm for the determination of the optimal shape of smooth holes (with minimum stress concentration) in quasiorthotropic plates subjected to...     

Hardware implementation of radial-basis neural networks with Gaussian activation functions on FPGA

Neural Computing and Applications - This article introduces a method for realizing the Gaussian activation function of radial-basis (RBF) neural networks with their hardware implementation on...     

Deformation of an Isotropic Plate with Periodic System of Curvilinear Holes and Plasticity Bands

Materials Science - By the method of singular integral equations, we solve a plane elastoplastic problem of fracture mechanics for an isotropic plane with an infinite series of curvilinear holes...     

ZF-ECOLIFE-适用于城市公共汽车的、现代化的动力换档变速器

除了内燃机和车桥系统外,道路车辆的传动系统主要由变速器所决定.目前城市公共汽车中主要采用动力换档的自动变速器,特别是因为它们具有舒适性高和操纵便捷的特点.今天变速器系统的新挑战源自于内燃机的改进,特别是受制于排放法规使得内燃机提高转矩和冷却温度.另一方面,车辆的全寿命成本正变得更加重要,并由此带来技术方面的挑战,例如更高的可靠性和更佳的燃油经济性等.将诸如成本、舒适性最优等各种要求合并,形成了相当复杂的需求内容.而且这些需求对车辆制造商和诸如操作人员的最终用户有所不同.因此ZF公司开发新一代动力换档变速器,将长期目标与诸如更广的车辆应用场合、降低全寿命成本、简化使用条件等用户需求相结合.采用QFD(质量功能展开)方法分析后发现,由液力变矩器、行星齿轮机构和初级缓速器组成的动力换档变速器是满足各种不同需求的最佳方案.我们开发的新变速器在设计和制造的各个细节方面均采用了特殊和全新的解决方案.将最新的开发工具和方法应用与概念定义中.最终形成的动力换档变速器是一个6档行星齿轮变速器、带锁止离合器的液力变矩器,并可选装扭转减振器.新的冷却系统有两个热交换器,以提高系统的可靠性和改善城市公共汽车初级缓速器的制动转矩以适应更重的车辆、较高平均速度、长时间性能和舒适性等方面的要求.新型ECU直接安装在变速器上,其电气安装界面做到最小.其结论是,新型动力换档变速器的优势非常突出,因为它们体现了当代和今后动力传动系统应有的高性能,以及更佳的全寿命成本和优越的舒适性;并且在安全性和环保方面都相当出色.最后强调一下,我们将其取名为EcoLife,象征着更高的经济性和生态效益以及寿命.     

ZF6速自动变速器的技术改进-高燃油经济性和快速动态换档

在2001年,ZF率先将6速自动变速器成功推向市场。同时,5速自动变速器已经开始被新一代6速自动变速器所取代[1,2,3,4,5]。从2001年到2003年期间,3款不同转矩的变速器开始批量生产;这些变速器可适应750Nm转矩的发动机,用于标准传动、带分动器的全轮驱动以及带一体化全轮驱动装置的前置纵向传动。到2005年末,ZF公司6速自动变速器的生产份额占总产量的90%以上。自动变速器需求不断上升导致这些变速器在技术方面的改进,明显增强了决定性的、与使用者相关的参数。其中包括:.提高功率质量比;.进一步降低油耗;.改善换档动态特性。     

Fluorographene: a two-dimensional counterpart of Teflon

A stoichiometric derivative of graphene with a fluorine atom attached to each carbon is reported. Raman, optical, structural, micromechanical, and transport studies show that the material is qualitatively different from the known graphene-based nonstoichiometric derivatives. Fluorographene is a high-quality insulator (resistivity >10(12) Ω) with an optical gap of 3 eV. It inherits the mechanical strength of graphene, exhibiting a Young's modulus of 100 N m(-1) and sustaining strains of 15%. Fluorographene is inert and stable up to 400 °C even in air, similar to Teflon.     

Fluorinated graphene: Fluorographene: A Two‐Dimensional Counterpart of Teflon (Small 24/2010)

A stoichiometric derivative of graphene with a fluorine atom attached to each carbon is reported. Raman, optical, structural, micromechanical, and transport studies show that the material is qualitatively different from the known graphene‐based nonstoichiometric derivatives. Fluorographene is a high‐quality insulator (resistivity >10¹² Ω) with an optical gap of 3 eV. It inherits the mechanical strength of graphene, exhibiting a Young’s modulus of 100 N m^?1 and sustaining strains of 15%. Fluorographene is inert and stable up to 400 °C even in air, similar to Teflon.     

Removal of cadmium in leachate from waste alumina beads using electrochemical technology

US Air Force uses alumina beads (aluminum oxide) as a blast media in routine maintenance operations. These spent alumina beads fail to pass the TCLP test for their cadmium contents. A chemical process consisting of leaching and electrochemical methods is investigated for the feasibility of treating the alumina beads. Dilute nitric acid was found the most effective solution for cadmium leaching. Electrochemical reduction was able to reduce cadmium content in the leachate from 180 mg/L to 15 mg/L. With consumable aluminum electrodes, electrochemical coagulation reduced the cadmium concentration to less than 1 mg/L. Electroflotation was effective for metal sludge, ferric, aluminum, and ferrous hydroxide separations with the assistance of commercial surfactants.