Microscopic study of modified polyacrylonitrile fibres

Conclusions Microscopic studies have been made on polyacrylonitrile fibres which have been modified with solutions of CdSO₄, ethylenediamine, and a mixture of these solutions.Treatment with an ethylenediamine solution aids in a significant change in structure of the fibre surface.Treatment with a mixture of CdSO₄ and ethylenediamine solutions leads to development of a structural nonuniformity in the fibre and the twisting of the fibre on drying in the free state.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 33–34, March–April, 1989.     

Manifestation of metastable cubic modifications in finely dispersed A<Subscript>2</Subscript>B<Subscript>6</Subscript> compounds

The presence of metastable cubic modifications has been revealed by X-ray diffraction in polycrystalline CdS and CdSe powders with grain sizes on the order of several dozen nanometers. The optical reflection and photoluminescence spectra of the cubic CdS phase have been measured in the temperature interval of 77–295 K. The main exciton transition energies and the temperature coefficients of the bandgap width variation have been determined.     

Improving the efficiency of welding in shielding gases in windy conditions

Theoretical data and experimental results of the shielding jets formation and their behaviour in the blowing off air streams are considered aimed at designing welding process in the wind.     

Global energy efficiency governance in the context of climate politics

This paper argues that energy efficiency and conservation is a noncontroversial, critical, and equitable option for rich and poor alike. Although there is growing scientific and political consensus on its significance as an important option at global and national level, the political momentum for taking action is not commensurate with the potential in the sector or the urgency with which measures need to be taken to deal with climate change. The current global energy (efficiency) governance framework is diffuse. This paper submits that there are four substantive reasons why global governance should play a complementary role in promoting energy efficiency worldwide. Furthermore, given that market mechanisms are unable to rapidly mobilize energy efficiency projects and that there are no clear vested interests in this field which involves a large number of actors, there is need for a dedicated agency to promote energy efficiency and conservation. This paper provides an overview of energy efficiency options presented by IPCC, the current energy efficiency governance structure at global level, and efforts taken at supranational and national levels, and makes suggestions for a governance framework.     

Use of chemical mutagens in cleaning up wastewater from synthetic fibre manufacturing

Conclusions The technology of treatment of active sludge is simple, but requires strict observance of the rules of safety technique in work with harmful substances (mutagens).The chemical mutagenesis method is selective and requires microbiological control over the operation of biological clean-up installations.Wastewater which has been cleaned up using the chemical mutagenesis method has an extremely low degree of toxicity.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 56–57, July–August, 1989.     

Deposition and dielectric properties of (Al2O3) x (TiO2)1−x thin films

The motivation for this study was to obtain an alloy system (Al₂O₃) _x (TiO₂)_1?x , that is thermodynamically stable, in direct contact with Si and possessing a high dielectric constant. In the present study, (Al₂O₃) _x (TiO)_1?x films were investigated. They were prepared by spin coating from a sol solution, with additional thermal annealing. The chemical composition and stoichiometry of the films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the electrical characteristics, MIS capacitors were fabricated. The determined relative dielectric constants were larger than the reported values for pure Al₂O₃, due to the presence of TiO₂.     

Thermodynamic Properties of U0.718Ce0.282O2±x

An experimental study of the structure and thermodynamic properties of a sample of U_0.718Ce_0.282O_2±x , which is an analogue of uranium–plutonium oxide, is performed to study the effect of adding cerium oxide on the properties of oxide fuel. The experimental specimens were obtained by powder metallurgy. x-Ray diffraction analysis of sintered tablets showed the formation of an equilibrium one-phase solid substitution solution based on UO₂ with substoichiometric composition. The potentiometric method of the emf of a solid-electrolyte galvanic cell in the range 850–1050°C and solid-phase coulometric titration with working temperature 1000°C were used to study the dependence of the oxygen potential of uranium-cerium oxide on the oxygen/metal ratio and the temperature. The concentration dependences of the enthalpy and the entropy of dissolution of oxygen in uranium-cerium oxide are calculated and constructed and it is determined that these dependences vary strongly at near-stoichiometric composition. The results can be used to analyze the properties of uranium–plutonium oxide fuel.