On one approach to constructing timetables of freight trains in a railroad network

We consider scheduling problems for routing freight trains through a railroad network. To solve these problems, we propose models and methods that use ideas and principles previously applied to construct part processing job schedules in industrial shops. The proposed approaches have been implemented in software, and our computational experiments have shown their efficiency.     

Utilizing secondary energy resources from tunnel kilns

Conclusions The effective use of hot air (secondary-energy resources) from the cooling zone of a kiln as heat carrier into the driers, instead of air heated in two stoves, led to a reduction in fuel consumption, electric power consumption, and servicing personnel.The conversion of the driers to flue-gas heating stabilized the heating and pressure cycles of the drying process and preheating in the tunnel kiln. The reconstruction work excluded the imbalance of the heat in driers Nos. 1 and 3, and eliminated the need to use acid-resistant metals in the section in which the waste gases are ejected from the driers.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 9–12, July, 1979.     

Quantitative patterns in the clinical manifestations of radiation sickness in large laboratory animals exposed to radiation at superlethal doses. The quantitative patterns in the manifestations of radiation sickness in dogs

Radiation sickness manifestations have been studied in dogs exposed to electrons (electron energy 25 MeV) and gamma-neutron radiation (neutron energies of 0.37 and 1.2 MeV) in a wide dose range. Dose-response relationships have been calculated for mortality and some clinical manifestations of the intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness. With regard to mortality, the highest effect has been observed for gamma-neutron radiation with a neutron energy of 1.2 MeV. For equal physical doses and for those equally effective in relation to mortality, clinical manifestations of damage are more prominent following exposure to electrons.     

Tc(VII) Sorption by Fibrous Sorbents

It is shown that technetium can be extracted from acidic media by the fibrous complexing sorbent POLIORGS 35, containing hydrazidine groups, and from neutral and nitric-acid solutions with a complex salt composition (with nitrate-ion concentration not exceeding 10 g/liter) by strongly basic anionite POLIORGS AV-17 with quaternary ammonium bases. The effect of the pH of the solutions on the sorption of technetium is studied. It is shown that the sorption depends on the nature and concentration of the salt background of the solutions. The kinetics and mechanism of sorption of technetium by fibrous sorbents and the possibility of their desorption and reuse in sorption–desorption cycles are investigated. It is shown that the fibrous sorbents POLIORGS 35 and POLIORGDS AV-17 are promising for extracting technetium from waters with a high mineral content (up to 20 g/liter).     

Behavioral instrumental reactions and the frequency of cardiac contractions in chimpanzees with different rates of approaching a goal and a shortened time of its exposure

Reaching the goals moving with different speed (from 1 to 400 mm/sec), the chimpanzee revealed respective behavioural, emotional, instrumental, and cardiovascular responses. When obscuring the goal for a certain time, the chimpanzee nevertheless managed to reach it, the relations between the speed of approaching goal and behavioural or instrumental responses being preserved. Thereupon, the chimpanzee are able to reach the goal provided the latter's trace exceeds 5-10-fold the time of really acting stimulus.     

Altered inotropic response of endothelin-1 in cardiomyocytes from rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy

Retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER is an essential process. Resident ER proteins that escape the ER and proteins that cycle between the Golgi and the ER must be retrieved. The interdependence of anterograde and retrograde vesicle trafficking makes the dissection of both processes difficult in vivo. We have developed an in vitro system that measures the retrieval of a soluble reporter protein, the precursor of the yeast pheromone alpha-factor fused to a retrieval signal (HDEL) at its COOH terminus (Dean, N., and H.R.B Pelham. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:369-377). Retrieval depends on the HDEL sequence; the alpha-factor precursor, naturally lacking this sequence, is not retrieved. A full cycle of anterograde and retrograde transport requires a simple set of purified cytosolic proteins, including Sec18p, the Lma1p complex, Uso1p, coatomer, and Arf1p. Among the membrane-bound v-SNAP receptor (v-SNARE) proteins, Bos1p is required only for forward transport, Sec22p only for retrograde trafficking, and Bet1p is implicated in both avenues of transport. Putative retrograde carriers (COPI vesicles) generated from Golgi-enriched membranes contain v-SNAREs as well as Emp47p as cargo.