An investigation of bulk recycling planning for an electronics recycling facility receiving industrial returns versus residential returns

Since most end-of-life electronics equipment contain hazardous materials such as lead solder alloys or lead-impregnated glass, it is important to divert them from landfills. For end-of-life products that are not repairable and do not contain reusable parts, bulk recycling is an alternative to recover base materials. In this paper, we contrast production and recycling planning and distribution decisions, activities, and costs. We reveal that while a traditional production facility connects suppliers and customers, a recycling facility connects both "input" and "output" customers. As a result, decisions in short-term bulk recycling planning include what products to accept, what products to process and reprocess, and what products to carry in inventory. Many recyclers set prices to receive "input" based on experience. For various prices to receive "input", we use a new analytical model to investigate the sensitivity of the short-term bulk recycling planning decisions in products from two different sources: industrial returns versus residential returns. The results of the case study show that different decisions are recommended for the industrial returns versus the residential returns when the total quantity of the incoming products is equal.     

A vectorial boundary element method analysis of integrated optical waveguides

In this paper, a new vectorial boundary element method is introduced and applied to the modal analysis of dielectric waveguides with piecewise homogeneous refractive indexes. The procedure, which is free of spurious modes, determines the full field distribution from the longitudinal fields at the refractive index boundaries. Singular kernels are evaluated through series solutions while the electric field discontinuity at corners is accommodated through either a grid refinement technique or a semianalytic approach. Our formalism generates propagation constants and modal field distributions for several representative refractive index profiles with far higher accuracy than standard finite-difference or finite-element procedures.     

Dynamic responses and damages of water-filled pre-pressurized metal tube impacted by mass

An account is given of some principal observations made from a series of experiments in which three-span pipe beams were subjected to central impact by indenters with different nose shapes. These pipes were filled and pre-pressurized with water in order to identify the main effects produced by the fluid–structure interaction. In comparison, the impact experiments of the pipes with no water were also carried out. The perforation failure modes and corresponding critical impact energies were obtained in different test conditions. The experimental results indicated that the critical perforation energy and the deformation of the wall of the pipe were significantly influenced by the presence of the water and the pressure.     

一种有机化合物名称编码与亚结构检索方法

本文以 IUPAC 为基础,考虑有机化合物母体和取代基的关联,采用库中已有的化合物名称进行亚结构检索,这种检索方法,由于由化合物名称所劈裂的编码数量较少,所以索引文件小,检索速度较快。另外,这种方法是侧重在化学上有意义的母体和宫能团,它可以和碎片编码亚结构检索方法互相补充。     

热分析在PVA纤维预处理中的应用

用差热、热重法对原丝的热性能及由不同预处理方法所引起的PVA纤维的热行为变化进行了研究;并通过模拟脱水条件,用不同升温速率,求出了经不同预处理纤维的脱水反应活化能。结果表明,PVA原丝在230℃有一软化点,三种预处理都不同程度地影响了原丝的热效应变化;纤维在180～340℃主要为脱水反应;原丝及经脱水剂、O_3和O_3综合脱水剂处理的纤维,其脱水反应的表观活化能分别为:164.3kJ/mol,92.9kJ/mol,130.5kJ/mol和117.6kJ/mol。     

硬度匹配对40CrNiMo滚子接触疲劳性能的影响

通过对“软－软”、“中－软”、“中－中”、“中－硬”四组不同硬度匹配的滚子接触疲劳试验得出四条Ｐ－Ｎ曲线。并发现中硬度材料的接触疲劳寿命高于软材料，而当主试样为中硬时，与之相匹配的陪试件硬度越高，主试样的寿命越短，通过分析讨论解释了产生上述现象的原因及其失效机理。     

多量程数据采集记录装置的设计

通常的数据采集与记录装置不易实现多量程测量。通过对标度方程进行分析得知,要改变量程只须改变两个参数——标度因子和量程下限。我们设计了一个使用单片机的多量程数据采集和记录装置,能处理多达256种量程。本文叙述了算法分析、硬件和软件的设计以及该装置的性能指标。     

Optical scattering in beef steak to predict tenderness using hyperspectral imaging in the VIS-NIR region

The objective of this research is to develop a non-destructive method for predicting cooked beef tenderness using optical scattering of light on fresh beef muscle tissue. A hyperspectral imaging system (λ = 496–1,036 nm) that consists of a CCD camera and an imaging spectrograph, was used to acquire beef steak images. The hyperspectral image consisted of 120 bands with spectral intervals of 4.54 nm. Sixty-one fresh beef steaks, including 44 strip loin and 17 tenderloin cuts, were collected. After imaging, the steaks were cooked and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force values were collected as tenderness references. The optical scattering profiles were derived from the hyperspectral images and fitted to the modified Lorentzian function. Parameters, such as the peak height, full scattering width at half maximum (FWHM), and the slope around the FWHM were determined at each wavelength. Stepwise regression was used to identify 7 key wavelengths and parameters. The parameters were then used to predict the WBS scores. The model was able to predict WBS scores with an R = 0.67. Optical scattering implemented with hyperspectral imaging shows limited success for predicting current status of tenderness in beef steak.