模型驱动的大数据流水线框架PiFlow

复杂流程的大数据处理多依托于流水线系统，但大数据处理的流水线系统在易用性、功能复用性、扩展性以及处理性能等方面存在不足。针对上述问题，为提高大数据处理环境的构建与开发效率,优化处理流程，提出了一种模型驱动的大数据流水线框架PiFlow。首先，将大数据处理过程抽象为有向无环图；然后，开发一系列组件用于构建数据处理流水线，并设计了流水线任务执行机制。同时，为规范和简化流水线框架的描述，设计了基于模型驱动的大数据流水线描述语言——PiFlowDL，该语言以模块化、层次化的方式对大数据处理任务进行描述。PiFlow以所见即所得(WYSIWYG)的方式配置流水线，集成了状态监控、模板配置、组件集成等功能，与Apache NiFi相比有2~7倍的性能提升。     

Preparation and the effects of ion irradiation on bulk SiOC ceramics

Bulk SiOC ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering of polymer-derived SiOC powders, and the effects of ion irradiation on their microstructures and properties were investigated in detail. High sintering temperature was conducive to low open porosity, high bulk density, nucleation and growth of β-SiC nanodomains, and graphitization of free carbon clusters in the SiOC ceramics. Ordering of the nanodomanins is beneficial for improving hardness and modulus of the ceramics. After 70 keV He ion irradiations, the β-SiC nanocrystals and graphitic clusters were partially amorphized, and their average grain size decreased by 13.6% and 50.9%, respectively. But no bubbling or peeling occurred on the irradiated sample surface, the hardness and modulus barely changed, indicating the SiOC ceramics are promising as radiation-tolerant materials.     

Cultivated Wildness: Technodiversity and Wildness in Machines

This paper investigates the idea of cultivated wildness at the intersection of landscape design and artificial intelligence. The paper posits that contemporary landscape practices should overcome the potentially single understanding on wilderness, and instead explore landscape strategies to cultivate new forms of wild places via ideas and concerns in contemporary Environmental Humanities, Science and Technology Studies, Ecological Sciences, and Landscape Architecture. Drawing cases in environmental engineering, computer science, and landscape architecture research, this paper explores a framework to construct wild places with intelligent machines. In this framework, machines are not understood a layer of “digital infrastructure” that is used to extent localized human intelligence and agency. Rather machines are conceptualized as active agents who can participate in the intelligence of co-production. Recent developments in cybernetic technologies such as sensing networks, artificial intelligence, and cyberphysical systems can also contribute to establishing the framework. At the heart of this framework is “technodiversity,” in parallel with biodiversity, since a singular vision on technological development driven by optimization and efficiency reinforces a monocultural approach that eliminates other possible relationships to construct with the environment. Thus, cultivated wildness is also about recognizing “wildness” in machines.     

未来机械制造业发展战略探讨

对制造业方面的一些热问题,如产品创新 、先进技术、管理模式等,进行了论述,对未来机械制造业的发展提出些看法,认为一个以人为本,以产品创新为龙头,以先进技术为支撑,以快速响应及国际协作为特征的机械制造业一定会重新焕发青春。     

Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐Cored Hole Transport Material Enabling Over 21% Efficiency Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) are essential for commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the state‐of‐the‐art PSCs with small molecule dopant‐free HTMs are below 20%. Herein, a simple dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐cored small molecule, DTP‐C6Th, is reported as a promising dopant‐free HTM. Compared with commonly used spiro‐OMeTAD, DTP‐C6Th exhibits a similar energy level, a better hole mobility of 4.18 × 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1, and more efficient hole extraction, enabling efficient and stable PSCs with a dopant‐free HTM. With the addition of an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) passivation layer and properly tuning the composition of the perovskite absorber layer, a champion PCE of 21.04% is achieved, which is the highest value for small molecule dopant‐free HTM based PSCs to date. Additionally, PSCs using the DTP‐C6Th HTM exhibit significantly improved long‐term stability compared with the conventional cells with the metal additive doped spiro‐OMeTAD HTM. Therefore, this work provides a new candidate and effective device engineering strategy for achieving high PCEs with dopant‐free HTMs.     

Prediction of network attack profit path based on NAPG model

The network attack profit graph (NAPG) model and the attack profit path predication algorithm are presentedherein to cover the shortage of considerations in attacker-s subjective factors based on existing network attack pathprediction methods. Firstly, the attack profit is introduced, with the attack profit matrix designed and the attackprofit matrix generation algorithm given accordingly. Secondly, a path profit feasibility analysis algorithm isproposed to analyze the network feasibility of realizing profit of attack path. Finally, an opportunity profit path andan optimal profit path are introduced with the selection algorithm and the prediction algorithm designed for accurateprediction of the path. According to the experimental test, the network attack profit path predication algorithm isapplicable for accurate prediction of the opportunity profit path and the optimal profit path.     

高强度自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能

针对自修复材料力学性能和自修复性难以兼顾的问题,采用传统预聚体法,引入含双硫结构的交联剂,制备得到既具有一定力学强度、又具有良好自修复性的聚氨酯弹性体。采用红外光谱进行化学结构表征;采用邵氏硬度计进行硬度测定;采用万能力学试验机考察了不同条件下的自修复效率;通过三维视频显微镜和拍照记录弹性体自修复过程;采用热重分析仪对样品进行热性能表征。结果表明,双硫键被成功引入弹性体中,弹性体邵氏硬度大多可达50 HA以上。升高温度和延长时间都能提高弹性体的自修复效率:24 h时,自修复效率从25 ℃的31.3%升高到80 ℃的99.5%;在80 ℃下,自修复效率从2 h的48.4 %提高到24 h的99.5%。双硫交联剂质量分数的增加也有利于自修复,弹性体的自修复效率从PUSS 3的54.5%提高到PUSS 6的99.5%。热重分析显示,弹性体的热稳定性随双硫质量分数的增加而略有下降,但所有弹性体的5%热失重温度都高于265.0 ℃。     

表面沉积铜纳米颗粒的细菌纤维素/壳聚糖交联复合膜的制备及其抗菌性能研究

通过戊二醛交联制备了细菌纤维素/壳聚糖复合材料,并采用磁控溅射技术在交联复合膜表面沉积铜(Cu)纳米颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜观察纳米纤维膜表面形貌,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、热重分析仪和X射线衍射仪比较交联复合前后以及镀铜前后复合膜基本化学结构、热稳定性和晶面结构的变化。通过能量色散X射线光谱对壳聚糖和铜在复合膜表面的分布情况进行表征。同时借助抗菌实验探究复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌能力。结果表明:壳聚糖与细菌纤维素发生了有效交联,改变了细菌纤维素的基本形貌、化学结构、晶体形态以及热学性能,并且镀铜后交联复合膜的抗菌性能得到了明显的提升(膜与细菌接触20min,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌效果均达到了99.999%)。     

表面氧含量对高纯硅粉高温氮化行为的影响

研究了表面氧含量对高纯硅原料在氮氢气氛下直接氮化行为的影响,并合成高α相氮化硅。研究结果表明,硅粉在氮氢气氛下1 350℃保温3h,氮化产物中α-Si_3N_4含量随原料氧含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,当硅原料表面氧含量为3.91%时,氮化产物中α-Si_3N_4含量可达97%以上,残留硅含量低于1%,产物中部氧含量为1.71%,在此环境下硅粉氮化主要以化学气相沉积的方式进行,产物形貌以杆状α-Si_3N_4晶须为主。硅原料表面氧含量低于4.38%时,氮化产物α-Si_3N_4含量均在95%以上,另有少量的β-Si_3N_4和残留硅,XRD测试精度范围内无氮氧化硅相存在。当硅原料氧含量高于5.61%时,产物中则出现氮氧化硅,随着原料氧含量增加,氮氧化硅含量明显上升。当硅原料氧含量低于5.61%时,残留硅含量随氧含量增加明显减少,说明原料中氧的增加可以显著加快氮化速率,降低氮化产物中残留硅的含量。