基于预测数据特征的空气质量预测方法

采用LightGBM预测模型对空气质量预测问题进行研究,提出并设计一种基于预测性特征的空气质量预测方法,有效地预测北京市区内未来24 h核心表征空气质量的PM_2.5质量浓度。在构建预测方案过程中,分析训练数据集特性开展数据清洗,利用随机森林与线性插值相结合的方法,解决数据大量缺失以及噪声干扰问题;提出使用预测性数据特征方法,同时设计相关统计特征,提高预测结果的准确性;采用滑窗机制挖掘高维时间特征,增加数据特征数量级;对预测模型的工作性能和结果进行详细分析,并结合基线模型进行对比评价。试验结果表明,基于预测性特征结合采用LightGBM预测模型的方案具有更高的预测精度。     

ZnO压敏防雷芯片工频耐受与通流能力的相关性

为了研究ZnO压敏防雷芯片的工频过电压耐受特性和8/20μs通流能力的相关性,在生产线上抽取同批次产品进行工频过电压耐受试验和8/20μs通流能力试验。研究结果表明:工频过电压老化后会使压敏电阻的通流能力下降,但经过8/20μs雷电流峰值20 kA冲击后,压敏电阻的工频过电压耐受能力会增强,在冲击15次左右时达到最大值,随着冲击次数的增多,工频过电压耐受能力会降低。     

碳中和背景下燃煤烟气重金属污染物控制技术展望

双碳背景下,我国能源结构将构建新的电力能源体系。在今后较长一段时期,燃煤火电是我国能源安全的基石,清洁低碳是发展方向,烟气重金属排放控制是其关键研究领域。光催化、双金属硫化物脱除等重金属净化技术方兴未艾,多种污染物协同脱除具有广阔的应用前景。     

Determination of Six Paraben Residues in Fresh-cut Vegetables Using QuEChERS with Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this study, an optimized QuEChERS sample preparation method was developed to analyze residues of six parabens: methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, isopropyl-, n-butyl-, and isobutylparaben in five fresh-cut vegetables (potato, broccoli, carrot, celery, and cabbage) with high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Homogenized samples were extracted using acetonitrile, and the extracts were cleaned with the novel sorbent multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs provided 84–94% removal of chlorophyll and lower matrix effects (MEs) compared to commonly used primary-secondary-amine (PSA) sorbent. Selected parabens were separated by HPLC with isocratic elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid solution and determined by triple quadrupole MS/MS. The method validation results showed that recoveries were at 70–120% with RSDs <20%. Calibration curves showed linear responses of six parabens with R ² > 0.99. Fifty fresh-cut vegetable samples from different farmer markets in Beijing, China were collected to measure the paraben residues, and only one sample was tested positive with methylparaben concentration at 81 μg/kg.     

Perspective: optically-pumped III–V quantum dot microcavity lasers via CMOS compatible patterned Si (001) substrates

Direct epitaxial growth III–V quantum dot (QD) structures on CMOS-compatible silicon substrates is considered as one of the most promising approaches to achieve low-cost and high-yield Si-based lasers for silicon photonic integration. However, epitaxial growth of III–V materials on Si encounters the following three major challenges: high density of threading dislocations, antiphase boundaries and thermal cracks, which significantly degrade the crystal quality and potential device performance. In this review, we will focus on some recent results related to InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on Si (001) substrates by III–V/IV hybrid epitaxial growth via (111)-faceted Si hollow structures. Moreover, by using the step-graded epitaxial growth process the emission wavelength of InAs QDs can be extended from O-band to C/L-band. High-performance InAs/GaAs QD micro-disk lasers with sub-milliwatts threshold on Si (001) substrates are fabricated and characterized. The above results pave a promising path towards the on-chip lasers for optical interconnect applications.     

聚酰亚胺气凝胶制备、性能及应用进展

聚酰亚胺气凝胶具有高比表面积、低密度、低热导率等优点,但是存在易吸湿、收缩率大且在制备过程中大量使用有机溶剂以及使用价格昂贵的化学交联剂等问题。本文主要介绍了目前聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法、性能及其应用,重点综述了二酐与二胺缩合反应法、异氰酸酯法、开环易位聚合法。简述了几种方法的制备原理,同时也总结了聚酰亚胺气凝胶在隔热、抗辐射、油水分离、过滤等领域应用的研究进展。最后,对聚酰亚胺气凝胶的制备方法及实际应用进行了总结与评价,提出在今后的研究工作中要以解决易吸湿、收缩率大、探索其他类型交联剂作为重点。并且,立足于目前聚酰亚胺气凝胶及其复合材料的发展趋势,对今后聚酰亚胺气凝胶新的存在形态、新的应用领域进行了展望。     

基于电子鼻和GC-IMS 技术分析储藏时间对酱香型白酒挥发性风味物质的影响

该研究以第四轮次新酿、储藏1 年和3 年的酱香型白酒为研究对象,采用电子鼻和气相色谱-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy,GC-IMS）技术对其挥发性风味物质进行解析,探讨储藏时间对酱香型白酒挥发性风味物质的影响。电子鼻结果表明,传感器W3C（对氨气、芳香类物质灵敏）、W5C（对烷烃、芳香类物质灵敏）、W1W（对有机硫化物、萜类物质灵敏）和W2S（对乙醇灵敏）对不同储藏时间的酱香型白酒响应值存在显著差异（P<0.05）,且对储藏3 年的酱香型白酒响应值最高。结合相对气味活度值（raletive odor activity value,ROAV）法和变量投影重要性（variable importance in projection,VIP）分析,GC-IMS 结果表明,己酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、乙酸戊酯和异丁醛是对酱香型白酒风味贡献较为突出的关键化合物,异戊酸乙酯和异丁酸乙酯对不同储藏时间酱香型白酒之间风味贡献差异显著（P<0.05）,且对储藏3 年酱香型白酒香气贡献更大。3-甲基-1-丁醇、糠醛、异戊酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯和异丁酸乙酯是不同储藏时间酱酒中的关键差异化合物,且在储藏3 年酱酒中相对含量更高。由此可知,储藏对酱酒风味品质形成具有积极意义,且储藏3 年的酱香型白酒整体风味更为突出。     

A Non-Canonical Teleost NK-Lysin: Antimicrobial Activity via Multiple Mechanisms

NK-lysin (NKL) is a family of antimicrobial proteins with an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, a non-canonical NK-lysin (NKLnc) was identified in the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), which shares low sequence identities (15.8–20.6%) with previously reported fish NKLs and was phylogenetically separated from the canonical NKLs in teleost. NKLnc expression was upregulated in flounder tissues during bacterial infection, and interference with NKLnc expression impaired the ability of flounder cells to eliminate invading bacteria. When expressed in Escherichia coli, NKLnc was detrimental to the host cells. P35, a peptide derived from the saposin B domain (SapB) of NKLnc, bound major bacterial surface molecules and killed both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by inflicting damage to bacterial cell structure and genomic DNA. The bactericidal activity, but not the bacteria-binding capacity, of P35 required the structural integrity of the alpha 2/3 helices in SapB. Furthermore, P35 induced the migration of flounder peripheral blood leukocytes, inhibited bacterial dissemination in fish tissues, and facilitated fish survival after bacterial challenge. Together our study reveals that NKLnc plays an important part in flounder immune defense, and that NKLnc peptide exerts an antimicrobial effect via multiple mechanisms by targeting both bacteria and fish cells.     

中国城市高密度居住环境对居民脑卒中的影响——对武汉的实证

基于2015年武汉市居民"脑卒中"疾病数据,运用空间回归分析方法,研究中国城市高密度居住环境对居民脑卒中的影响。实证表明,中国城市高密度居住环境对居民罹患脑卒中具有显著影响,城市中心区已经成为脑卒中的高患病风险区域。城市建成环境要素中的人口净密度、居住用地密度、建筑密度与居民脑卒中风险显著正相关;社区医院、公园、快餐店、公交车站等设施的可达性对居民脑卒中有显著影响。机制分析表明,城市建成环境通过自然环境、居民体力活动、饮食习惯和社会资本等因素,对居民脑卒中产生重要影响。研究认为,在中国健康城市规划中,应降低城市中心人口净密度与建筑密度、引导老年人口向外疏解、完善街区级公共服务设施,主动干预高密度居住环境下居民脑卒中风险。     

BIM技术在异形钢结构桥梁施工中的应用方法研究——以白马湖大桥为例

本文以淮安白马湖大桥为载体,开展了BIM技术在复杂异形钢结构桥梁施工中的应用探索,将BIM技术与钢结构桥梁深化设计、加工制造及现场施工各阶段进行了深度融合。深化设计阶段,采用三维坐标法结合Tekla软件实现空间异形钢拱结构快速精准建模,同时基于CATIA软件进行曲板加工图的高效绘制。加工制造阶段,采用数字化加工技术进行零件的切割,有效减少现场环口数量约57%;研发具有项目特色的“一板一胎”技术,将曲板制造精度控制在2mm内。现场施工阶段,优化原定“先拱后梁”施工方案,提出“先拱后梁”方案;建立白马湖工程项目建设管理系统,以BIM技术指导项目精细化管理实现项目管理实时、动态及全面管控,达到精细化管理的目标。