Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐Cored Hole Transport Material Enabling Over 21% Efficiency Dopant‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) are essential for commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the state‐of‐the‐art PSCs with small molecule dopant‐free HTMs are below 20%. Herein, a simple dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐cored small molecule, DTP‐C6Th, is reported as a promising dopant‐free HTM. Compared with commonly used spiro‐OMeTAD, DTP‐C6Th exhibits a similar energy level, a better hole mobility of 4.18 × 10^?4 cm² V^?1 s^?1, and more efficient hole extraction, enabling efficient and stable PSCs with a dopant‐free HTM. With the addition of an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) passivation layer and properly tuning the composition of the perovskite absorber layer, a champion PCE of 21.04% is achieved, which is the highest value for small molecule dopant‐free HTM based PSCs to date. Additionally, PSCs using the DTP‐C6Th HTM exhibit significantly improved long‐term stability compared with the conventional cells with the metal additive doped spiro‐OMeTAD HTM. Therefore, this work provides a new candidate and effective device engineering strategy for achieving high PCEs with dopant‐free HTMs.     

Prediction of network attack profit path based on NAPG model

The network attack profit graph (NAPG) model and the attack profit path predication algorithm are presentedherein to cover the shortage of considerations in attacker-s subjective factors based on existing network attack pathprediction methods. Firstly, the attack profit is introduced, with the attack profit matrix designed and the attackprofit matrix generation algorithm given accordingly. Secondly, a path profit feasibility analysis algorithm isproposed to analyze the network feasibility of realizing profit of attack path. Finally, an opportunity profit path andan optimal profit path are introduced with the selection algorithm and the prediction algorithm designed for accurateprediction of the path. According to the experimental test, the network attack profit path predication algorithm isapplicable for accurate prediction of the opportunity profit path and the optimal profit path.     

高强度自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能

针对自修复材料力学性能和自修复性难以兼顾的问题,采用传统预聚体法,引入含双硫结构的交联剂,制备得到既具有一定力学强度、又具有良好自修复性的聚氨酯弹性体。采用红外光谱进行化学结构表征;采用邵氏硬度计进行硬度测定;采用万能力学试验机考察了不同条件下的自修复效率;通过三维视频显微镜和拍照记录弹性体自修复过程;采用热重分析仪对样品进行热性能表征。结果表明,双硫键被成功引入弹性体中,弹性体邵氏硬度大多可达50 HA以上。升高温度和延长时间都能提高弹性体的自修复效率:24 h时,自修复效率从25 ℃的31.3%升高到80 ℃的99.5%;在80 ℃下,自修复效率从2 h的48.4 %提高到24 h的99.5%。双硫交联剂质量分数的增加也有利于自修复,弹性体的自修复效率从PUSS 3的54.5%提高到PUSS 6的99.5%。热重分析显示,弹性体的热稳定性随双硫质量分数的增加而略有下降,但所有弹性体的5%热失重温度都高于265.0 ℃。     

表面氧含量对高纯硅粉高温氮化行为的影响

研究了表面氧含量对高纯硅原料在氮氢气氛下直接氮化行为的影响,并合成高α相氮化硅。研究结果表明,硅粉在氮氢气氛下1 350℃保温3h,氮化产物中α-Si_3N_4含量随原料氧含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,当硅原料表面氧含量为3.91%时,氮化产物中α-Si_3N_4含量可达97%以上,残留硅含量低于1%,产物中部氧含量为1.71%,在此环境下硅粉氮化主要以化学气相沉积的方式进行,产物形貌以杆状α-Si_3N_4晶须为主。硅原料表面氧含量低于4.38%时,氮化产物α-Si_3N_4含量均在95%以上,另有少量的β-Si_3N_4和残留硅,XRD测试精度范围内无氮氧化硅相存在。当硅原料氧含量高于5.61%时,产物中则出现氮氧化硅,随着原料氧含量增加,氮氧化硅含量明显上升。当硅原料氧含量低于5.61%时,残留硅含量随氧含量增加明显减少,说明原料中氧的增加可以显著加快氮化速率,降低氮化产物中残留硅的含量。     

纳米纤维素/氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜的制备及表征

以纳米纤维素(CNF)为分散介质,氧化石墨烯(GO)为增强介质,多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)为导电介质,机械搅拌后真空抽滤制备CNF/GO/MWNT复合薄膜,研究GO/MWNT含量对复合薄膜性能的影响,采用红外、Raman光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜对薄膜的结构和形貌进行表征,采用动态力学分析、热重分析和电导率测试研究薄膜的力学性能、热性能和电性能。结果表明,薄膜的拉伸强度随GO含量的增加先增加后减小,薄膜电导率和耐热性随MWNT用量增加而增加,当CNF/GO/MWNT质量比为20/10/70时,复合薄膜性能最佳,薄膜的电导率达到236.07 S/m,拉伸强度为25.13 MPa,180~300℃区间材料的热失重为9.45%,最大热分解速率对应温度达到322.69℃。扫描电镜、透射电镜结果表明,GO在材料内部呈现规整结构,CNF能有效分散GO/MWNT,形成均匀分散液。     

Wide wavelength range tunable guided-mode resonance filter based on incident angle rotation

A wide wavelength range tunable guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) with high peak efficiencies, narrow linewidths, and low sidebands is experimentally demonstrated. The resonance wavelength can be tuned under TM polarized light illumination by rotating the angle of incidence. The GMRF composed of a one-dimensional grating layer and two waveguide layers on a glass substrate is designed with rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The grating structure of the GMRF is patterned by interference lithography with two ultraviolet laser beams. The reflection colours of fabricated GMRF can be shifted from blue to red by rotating the angle of incidence. The measured full width at half-maximums of the reflection peaks located at 450.6, 500.9, 551.0, 601.1, and 651.3?nm are 3.1, 3.9, 4.3, 3.8, and 4.1?nm, respectively. The corresponding sidebands of measured spectra are below 0.2. Compared with previous experimental studies on tunable structures, the narrow linewidths and low sidebands of the proposed GMRF are remarkably improved.     

Master data management for manufacturing big data: a method of evaluation for data network

In the process of manufacturing, a large amount of manufacturing data is produced by different departments and different domain. In order to realise data sharing and linkage among supply chains, master data management method has been used. Through master data management, the key data can be shared and distributed uniformly. However, since these cross-domain data form a data network through the association of master data, how to evaluate the effectiveness and rationality of this network becomes the major issue in the proposed method. In this paper, a model of the master data network is built based on the theory of set pair analysis. In order to verify the master data, an evaluation method for the network is proposed. Finally, a case was presented to validate this network model and evaluation method.

     

分布定位式光纤振动传感系统的事件识别

本文提出了一种对分布式光纤声传感器的入侵事件分类方法.该方式采用小波包去噪方式对原始信号进行去噪;将去噪后的原始信号进行小波变换,得到原始信号的小波时频图;构建双输入型的卷积神经网络,将滤波后的原始一维信号直接输入到一个三层的1-D CNN中、滤波后得到的二维小波时频图直接输入到一个两层的2-D CNN中;将两种CNN输出的特征输入到支持向量机(SVM),使用SVM对事件进行分类.本文中主要识别3种振动事件:汽车通过、挖掘机挖掘和破路机工作.实验结果表明,所提方式对实际环境中3种振动事件的识别准确率平均可以达到96％,并且识别时间仅为0.61 s.