黑色小扁豆中不同结合态酚类含量、花青素组成及其抗氧化活性研究

黑色小扁豆因含有丰富的营养素、微量营养素和植物化学物成分而受到研究者的关注。为深入了解小扁豆的营养价值,对小扁豆中不同结合形态的酚类化合物含量及其抗氧化活性(亚铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力)进行测定。结果表明,黑色小扁豆中不同存在形式的酚类提取物含量差异显著。酯键合态酚类提取物中含有较高的酚酸含量(1.61 mg/g),碱水解结合态酚类提取物具有较高的黄酮含量(1.07 mg/g)及抗氧化活性【亚铁离子还原能力(43.80 mmol/g)、DPPH自由基清除能力(2.13 mg/g)、ABTS清除能力(3.92 mg/g)】。对黑色小扁豆中存在的花青素进行提取和分析鉴定,其含有的花青素主要为飞燕草-3-O-(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷)和矢车菊素衍生物。     

Comparison of bioactive components in GABA tea and green tea produced in Taiwan

The aim of this study is to investigate the bioactive components of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) tea as compared with green tea produced in Taiwan. Using in total 56 tea samples (28 green tea and 28 GABA tea), moisture content, Hunter L, a and b values, phenolic compounds, amino acids including GABA, fatty acids and ascorbic acid were determined. The results showed that moisture, total free amino acids, crude fat, Hunter L value, total nitrogen, free fatty acids and reducing sugar did not differ significantly between GABA tea and green tea. However, GABA tea had higher Hunter a and b values, while green tea had higher total catechin and ascorbic acid contents (p < 0.05). Of major catechins, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be lower in GABA tea than in green tea. For free amino acids, GABA, alanine, ammonia, lysine, leucine and isoleucine were found to be significantly higher in GABA tea, while the glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine were higher in green tea (p < 0.05). Theanine, tryptophan, valine, threonine and methionine were not found to be different between the two kinds of tea.     

Visual privacy attacks and defenses in deep learning: a survey

The concerns on visual privacy have been increasingly raised along with the dramatic growth in image and video capture and sharing. Meanwhile, with the recent breakthrough in deep learning technologies, visual data can now be easily gathered and processed to infer sensitive information. Therefore, visual privacy in the context of deep learning is now an important and challenging topic. However, there has been no systematic study on this topic to date. In this survey, we discuss algorithms of visual privacy attacks and the corresponding defense mechanisms in deep learning. We analyze the privacy issues in both visual data and visual deep learning systems. We show that deep learning can be used as a powerful privacy attack tool as well as preservation techniques with great potential. We also point out the possible direction and suggestions for future work. By thoroughly investigating the relationship of visual privacy and deep learning, this article sheds insights on incorporating privacy requirements in the deep learning era.

     

混沌精英哈里斯鹰优化算法

针对哈里斯鹰优化(HHO)算法存在的收敛精度低、收敛速度慢、易于陷入局部最优的不足,提出了一种混沌精英哈里斯鹰优化(CEHHO)算法.首先,引入精英等级制度策略,以充分利用优势种群来增强种群多样性以及提升算法收敛速度和精度;其次,利用Tent混沌映射调整算法关键参数;然后,使用一种非线性能量因子调节策略来平衡算法的开发...     

Manufacture of three-layer wood–porcelain stone composite board reinforced with bamboo fiber

The objective of this study was to improve bending strength properties of three-layer wood–porcelain stone composite board. The focus of this study was on the effects of orientations and weight ratios of bamboo fiber in face layer on physical and mechanical properties of the board. Three types of board with different orientation of bamboo fibers in the face layer were manufactured: one in which the fibers were oriented at random orientation (R board), another in which the fibers were oriented at unidirectional orientation (U board), and a third in which the fibers were oriented at cross orientation (C board). The physical and mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated based on the Japanese Industrial Standard for Particleboards. The main results obtained were as follows: Bending strength properties of the board were strongly affected by both orientation and weight ratio of bamboo fibers. Perpendicular specimen of C board has larger bending strength properties than U board and the value become larger with increased weight ratio of bamboo fibers. Internal bond strength value decreased with increasing weight ratio of bamboo fibers. The effect of orientation and weight ratios of bamboo fiber on thickness swelling of the board was not significant.     

Capturing of transition by the RNG based algebraic turbulence model

This paper concerns the RNG based algebraic turbulence model. This model has characteristics to capture transitional process from laminar to turbulent flow. This is determined by the argument of the Heaviside function, which becomes a threshold for the occurrence of turbulence. It is supposed that proper modeling of this argument will lead to correctly capture transition location. In the present paper, this argument is modeled in such a way that the form of cubic equation for the turbulent kinematic viscosity be maintained. Moreover, the length scale which is required to calculate the turbulent kinematic viscosity is newly proposed, taking into account the freestream pressure gradient. The validation is performed by comparing the calculated results with the empirical expressions as well as the experimental data. This model can simulate the streamwise intermittency effect, by which a sudden increase of skin friction is prevented. Moreover, the transition location can be predicted within reasonable accuracy compared with the experimental data.     

Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species

The interaction of a living organism with external foreign agents is a central issue for its survival and adaptation to the environment. Nanosafety should be considered within this perspective, and it should be examined that how different organisms interact with engineered nanomaterials (NM) by either mounting a defensive response or by physiologically adapting to them. Herein, the interaction of NM with one of the major biological systems deputed to recognition of and response to foreign challenges, i.e., the immune system, is specifically addressed. The main focus is innate immunity, the only type of immunity in plants, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates, and that coexists with adaptive immunity in higher vertebrates. Because of their presence in the majority of eukaryotic living organisms, innate immune responses can be viewed in a comparative context. In the majority of cases, the interaction of NM with living organisms results in innate immune reactions that eliminate the possible danger with mechanisms that do not lead to damage. While in some cases such interaction may lead to pathological consequences, in some other cases beneficial effects can be identified.     

杂志社门户网站的建立

《中国冶金》杂志社的门户网站采用先进的三层技术体系架构搭建,整个体系架构分为用户界面层、业务逻辑层、数据存储层,具有实用、灵活、安全可靠、可扩展和易用维护等特点。通过门户网站可以远程完成杂志社日常的全部工作;可以让员工通过网络进行高效的沟通、交流和信息共享;还可以实现全部期刊编辑管理工作的无纸化操作;进行网刊发布和期刊征订处理;同时为读者、编辑提供了一个网上交流的平台。     

各向异性加权先验模型MAP投影域降噪

低剂量计算机断层扫描技术（Low-Dose Computed Tomography,LDCT）降低了X射线对人体的辐射,但射线剂量降低造成重建图像中存在严重的伪影和噪声,对临床医学诊断有很大干扰。针对此问题,提出一种改进的各向异性加权先验模型的最大后验（Maximum A Posteriori,MAP）投影域降噪算法。该算法考虑到直觉模糊熵能够有效区分平滑区域和边缘细节区域,将其与传统的各向异性扩散系数相结合,构造了一种新的扩散系数,并采用局部方差实现其自适应调节;最后将该扩散系数融合于基于Huber先验的MAP优化估计算法框架中,实现对投影数据不同区域进行不同强度的降噪处理。该算法分别采用数字骨盆模型、Shepp-Logan头模型和数字胸腔模型三种体模进行验证,并与滤波反投影重建算法（Filter Back Projection,FBP）、惩罚重加权最小二乘法（Penalized Reweighted Least-Squares,PRWLS）、各向异性加权先验正弦图平滑算法进行对比。实验结果表明,利用所提算法重建出的图像中伪影明显减少,同时较好地保持了图像的边缘和细节信息。三种体模的信噪比分别为20.502 0 dB、23.294 8 dB、21.018 4 dB,所需时间分别为49.50 s、49.60 s、8.59 s。