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71.
Masaaki Hirayama Noriyuki Sonoyama Takeshi Abe Machiko Minoura Masumi Ito Daisuke Mori Atsuo Yamada Ryoji Kanno Takahito Terashima Mikio Takano Kazuhisa Tamura Jun’ichiro Mizuki 《Journal of power sources》2007
A new experimental technique was developed for detecting structure changes at electrode/electrolyte interface of lithium cell using X-ray reflectometry and two-dimensional model electrodes with a restricted lattice-plane. The electrodes were constructed with an epitaxial film of LiCoO2 synthesized by pulsed laser deposition method. The orientation of the epitaxial film depends on the substrate plane; the 2D layer of LiCoO2 is parallel to the SrTiO3 (1 1 1) substrate ((0 0 3)LiCoO2//(1 1 1)SrTiO3), while the 2D layer is perpendicular to the SrTiO3 (1 1 0) substrate ((1 1 0)LiCoO2//(1 1 0)SrTiO3). The anisotropic properties were confirmed by electrochemical measurements. Ex situ X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that the impurity layer existed on the as-grown LiCoO2 was dissolved and a new SEI layer with lower density was formed after soaking into the electrolyte. In situ X-ray reflectivity measurements indicated that the surface roughness of the intercalation (1 1 0) plane increased with applying voltages, while no significant changes in surface morphology were observed for the intercalation non-active (0 0 3) plane during the pristine stage of the charge–discharge process. 相似文献
72.
Mostafa AM Tamaki K Moriizumi J Yamazawa H Iida T 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2011,146(1-3):19-22
This study was performed to measure the activity size distribution of aerosol particles associated with short-lived radon decay products in indoor air at Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. The measurements were performed using a low pressure Andersen cascade impactor under variable meteorological conditions. The results showed that the greatest activity fraction was associated with aerosol particles in the accumulation size range (100-1000 nm) with a small fraction of nucleation mode (10-100 nm). Regarding the influence of the weather conditions, the decrease in the number of accumulation particles was observed clearly after rainfall without significant change in nucleation particles, which may be due to a washout process for the large particles. 相似文献
73.
Maki D Ishii T Sato F Kato Y Yamamoto T Iida T 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2011,144(1-4):222-225
A confocal laser microscope system was developed for the measurement of radiophotoluminescence (RPL) photons emitted from a minute alpha-ray-irradiated area in an RPL glass dosemeter. The system was composed mainly of an inverted-type microscope, an ultraviolet laser, an XY movable stage and photon-counting circuits. The photon-counting circuits were effective in the reduction of the background noise level in the measurement of RPL photons. The performance of this microscope system was examined by the observation of standard RPL glass samples irradiated using (241)Am alpha rays. The spatial resolution of this system was ~ 3 μm, and with regard to the sensitivity of this system, a hit of more than four to five alpha rays in unit area produced enough amount of RPL photons to construct the image. 相似文献
74.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the socio-economic dynamics that are brought about by renewable energy technologies. We call this dynamic “Social Innovation” as it changes the rules of risk–benefit distribution and the roles of social actors. For this purpose, we take up a typical case in Japan, community wind power in which the initial cost is funded by the investment of citizens. Through this case study, we examine how the citizens’ initiative can affect the social acceptance of renewable energy as well as social change. Based on interviews with those involved in these projects, we analyze the interests of the various actors involved in community wind power projects in a framework of “actor network theory”, which enables us to understand the detail of each actor's position. This study also involved a quantitative survey of investors. The case study clarified that there was a remarkable difference in the interests of the main actors in the community wind power projects, the networks are complex and actors share various interests such as economic interests and a sense of social commitment, participation and contribution. These incentives are also clarified in quantitative data. However, the variety of incentives differs in each project. 相似文献
75.
H. Udono K. Nakamori Y. Takahashi Y. Ujiie I. J. Ohsugi T. Iida 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2011,40(5):1165-1170
We have investigated the crystal growth of single-phase MnSi1.75−x
by a temperature gradient solution growth (TGSG) method using Ga and Sn as solvents and MnSi1.7 alloy as the solute, and measured the thermoelectric properties of the resulting crystals. Single-phase Mn11Si19 and Mn4Si7 crystals were grown successfully using Ga and Sn as solvents, respectively. The typical size of a grown ingot of Mn11Si19 was 2 mm to 4 mm in thickness and 12 mm in diameter, whereas Mn4Si7 had polyhedral shape with dimensions in the range of several millimeters. The single-phase Mn11Si19 has good electrical conduction (ρ = 0.89 × 10−3 Ω cm to 1.09 × 10−3 Ω cm) compared with melt-grown multiphase higher-manganese silicide (HMS) crystals. The Seebeck coefficient, power factor,
and thermal conductivity were 77 μV K−1 to 85 μV K−1, 6.7 μW cm−1 K−2 to 7.2 μW cm−1 K−2, and 0.032 W cm−1 K−1, respectively, at 300 K. 相似文献
76.
Strain-controlled fatigue tests were conducted on carbon and low-alloy steels in high-temperature water containing controlled amounts of oxygen, in order to determine quantitatively the reduction of fatigue strength due to factors such as the strain rate and the environmental testing conditions such as temperature and dissolved oxygen content. For each of these factors, the effect on fatigue strength was separately quantified and parametric equations were derived with reference to the basic fatigue curve obtained in air at room temperature. Using the formulas thus obtained, generalized expressions for predicting the expected fatigue life of a given material under specified combinations of strain amplitude and environmental conditions were deduced. Based on these generalized expressions, “fatigue strength correction factors for environmental effectsrd are proposed, which can be conveniently used in combination with the design fatigue curve given in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III to account for fatigue strength reduction under severe service conditions. 相似文献
77.
T Sankai H Iso H Imano T Ohira T Tanigawa T Shimamoto A Kitamura S Sato Y Naito M Kiyama T Okamura Y Nakagawa M Iida Y Komachi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,45(6):552-563
PURPOSE: We conducted an epidemiological study of survival and disability in stroke in three Japanese communities to seek community strategies for improvement in survival and disability. METHODS: A total of 297 first-ever strokes were identified between 1988 and 1992 in three rural communities (total population = 47,000) located in Akita and Ibaraki. We analyzed survival rates and activity of daily living by sex, age-group and stroke subtypes. Successful review of computed tomography (CT) for 84 percent of the strokes (249 out of 297) was possible and the data were used for subtype analyses. RESULTS: For all strokes (n = 297) survival rates were 85% for 30 day, 70% for one year, 62% for three year. The rates tended to be lower in women than in men. The rates were lowest in ages less than 60 at thirty day, and in ages 80 and older at the end of the first and third year. Intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular rupture, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cortical cerebral infarction had lower survival rates than intracerebral hemorrhage without ventricular rupture and lacunar infarction. Based on Cox's proportional hazard model, risk ratio for death was 2.07 in ages 70-79, and 3.80 in ages 80 and older compared with ages 60-69. The risk ratio was 3.46 for intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular rupture, 3.38 for subarachnoid hemorrhage and 2.46 for cortical cerebral infarction compared with lacunar infarction. The proportion of stroke survivors who need assistance from others in the first and third years tended to be higher in women than in men. The proportion was higher in older patients than in the younger, and higher for intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular rupture and cortical cerebral infarction than in other subtypes of stroke. From logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for disability in the first year was 6.55 for ages 80 and older compared with ages 60-69. The odds ratio was 5.61 for intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular rupture, 4.53 for cortical cerebral infarction compared with lacunar infarction. In the third year the odds ratio was significant for ages 70-79, and decreased for intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular rupture (odds ratio = 2.98), and increased for cortical cerebral infarction (odds ratio = 6.06). CONCLUSIONS: Survival and disability in stroke depended on age and stroke subtypes. Even after age adjustment, stroke subtypes with large cerebral involvement had worse prognosis than stroke subtypes. Community-based hypertension control programs are important to prevent any subtypes of stroke. Stroke subtypes as well as age should be taken into account to develop effective care and medical treatments for strokes. 相似文献
78.
T Iida M Kanzaki A Nakama Y Kokubo T Maruyama C Kaneuchi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,60(12):1341-1343
The Listeria monocytogenes-carrying rates were 100% for listeriosis patients and 1.3% for healthy humans. The L. monocytogenes contamination rates for retail sliced beef (34.2%) and pork (36.4%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those for cattle (2.0%) and pigs (0.8%) and for cattle (4.9%) and swine (7.4%) carcasses. The percentages of serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b which are most dominant in human patients were high in isolates from fresh (90.0%) and processed (100%) fish and shellfish and imported natural cheese (96.7%). 相似文献
79.
Molecular characterization of the mutable flaked allele for flower variegation in the common morning glory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Force-velocity data at different temperatures (range, 10-35 degrees C) from intact fibre bundles are analysed to determine the temperature dependence of the maximal mechanical power output of fast and slow rat muscles. At 35 degrees C, the maximal mechanical power was approximately 250 kW m(-3) (=250 microW mm(-3)) in fast (probably an underestimate) and approximately 100 kW m(-3) in slow muscle. Within the more physiological temperature range (25-35 degrees C), the temperature coefficient (Q10) of maximum power was 2-2.5. In both muscles, the maximal power at 10 degrees C was only about 3-5% of that at 35 degrees C, the decrease being particularly pronounced at temperatures below 20 degrees C (Q10 of 5-7). 相似文献
80.