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81.
82.
The Tonle Sap River (TSR) serves as a natural medium for the reversal flow between Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) and the Mekong River to sustain productivity and biodiversity in the TSR floodplain and TSL. Understanding the hydrological connectivity and its dynamics in the TSR, including its floodplain, is therefore important to support activities that aim to maintain ecological services in the TSR–TSL system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to examine the hydrological connectivity of the TSR and its floodplain by a modelling approach that integrates inundation patterns and sediment dynamics. The Caesar–Lisflood model was applied to describe inundation, sediment erosion, transport, and deposition in the TSR for the period of 2003–2013. The inundation areas connected to the TSR ranged from 140 to 2,327 km2, whereas the isolated inundation areas from the TSR ranged from 0.27 to 504 km2. Sediment dynamics showed its influence on inundation patterns and hydrological connectivity and could alter the yearly inundation ratio (defined as a normalized inundation frequency with a value ranging from 0 to 1) up to 0.8. Our approach provides a quantitative way to determine key factors (e.g., total inundation areas, seasonality, and connectivity of inundation patterns) for further investigation of ecological processes in relation to the inundation patterns and sediment dynamics in the TSR and TSL. 相似文献
83.
The electrochemical limiting current method was used to measure mass transfer coefficients with cocurrent upward gas-liquid flow in packed bed electrodes. Liquid-solid and overall gas-solid coefficients were determined from limiting current data in the presence of inert or reactive gas flows with the use of a plug flow model. The presence of inert gas flow increased mass transfer coefficients over those in single-phase flow by a factor of up to 1.7. As a result of boundary layer penetration by gas bubbles, sparging with reactive gas increased mass transfer rates by a factor of up to 3.5. 相似文献
84.
Isolation and structural elucidation of a new trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid derivative from Meyer lemon (Citrus meyeri hort. ex Y. Tanaka) was carried out. The derivative exhibited the antioxidative activity by ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay and was found in the flavedo and alvedo of Meyer lemon peel. 相似文献
85.
86.
We have investigated nanoscale features at the reactive wetting front of the molten Ag–27.4 wt.% Cu–4.9 wt.% Ti on 6H–SiC using video movies recorded in situ on a high-temperature stage of a high-resolution transmission electron microscope and also proposed a model of a chemical reaction at each tip. One of the features of reactive wetting and spreading at 1073 K in 4 × 10−5 Pa was the discontinuous motion of the tip, and the halting time depended on the thickness of an amorphous Si–O layer on SiC, which can be explained by the time needed for the decomposition of the layer by Ti atoms to form TiC nanoparticles since Ti atoms in the molten alloy sufficiently rapidly diffuse to the tip on the SiC surface. Molten Ti and TiC nanolayers preceded the Ti5Si3 nanolayer at the tip. The reaction required to form the TiC nanolayer is also the rate-determining step for spreading. The contact angle of the tip increased up to 60–80° when the tip halted, whereas the tip decreased down to 10° on the nonbasal plane and 20° on the basal plane of SiC when it traveled rapidly. The high traveling angle of the molten tip on the basal polar plane of SiC indicates a high interfacial energy between Ti and SiC(0 0 0 1). 相似文献
87.
CRISTINA KEIKO TAKAHASHI YU WEI LIANG MANUEL TROYANO PUEYO 《Journal of Food Biochemistry》2000,24(2):129-145
A 0.5 kbp phaseolin gene fragment was used as a probe to study phaseolin restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in P. vulgaris cultivars. Results obtained from plants displaying type S and type T phaseolin suggest a genomic organization more variable than that previously described. This variability could be exploited to aid gene identification as well as to improve germ plasm bank organization. The same probe was useful in detecting phaseolin linked RFLP in other leguminosae. 相似文献
88.
Experimental observations1,9 indicate much poorer separations than are predicted by two dimensional theory. The purpose of this work is to explain these differences and suggest ways in which system performance can be improved. The large effect of span-wise variation in axial velocity caused by side walls on hydrodynamic separations carried out in rectangular conduits with transverse flow is studied theoretically. As the aspect ratio increases, the steady stale retentivity (convection coefficient) approaches an asymptotic value obtained by neglecting side wall effects. However, the dispersion coefficient does not reduce to that for a flow with no side walls. Indeed, the asymptotic steady state dispersion coefficient is at least six times larger than that obtained by two dimensional theory which neglects side wall effects. As the transverse Peclet number increases, the effect of side walls on the dispersion coefficient becomes much larger. The present three dimensional theoretical predictions, in contrast to two dimensional ones, are in good agreement with the experimental data of Caldwell, et al.9 and Kesner, et al.1 on electrical field flow fractionation. The results indicate that side wall effects may be of major importance in hydrodynamic chromatography even when the aspect ratio is 70 or more. The adverse effect of side walls may be avoided by having the membranes enclose thin annular regions rather than rectangular conduits. This should improve performance significantly. 相似文献
89.
Tomomi Kobayashi Sanae Tanaka Chihiro Toji Hideko Shinohara Miharu Kamimura Naoko Okamoto Shino Imai Mitsuru Fukui Chigusa Date 《Nutrition journal》2010,9(1):17
Background
Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are used for epidemiological studies. Because of the wide variations in dietary habits within different populations, a FFQ must be developed to suit the specific group. To date, no FFQ has been developed for Japanese children. In this study, we developed a FFQ to assess the regular dietary intake of Japanese children. The FFQ included questions regarding both individual food items and mixed dishes. 相似文献90.
Chimeric Mice with Humanized Livers: A Unique Tool for in Vivo and in Vitro Enzyme Induction Studies
Masakazu Kakuni Chihiro Yamasaki Asato Tachibana Yasumi Yoshizane Yuji Ishida Chise Tateno 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(1):58-74
We performed in vivo and in vitro studies to determine the induction of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) using chimeric mice with humanized liver (PXB-mice®) and human hepatocytes isolated from the PXB-mice (PXB-cells), which were derived from the same donor. For the in vivo study, PXB-mice were injected with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC, 2 or 20 mg/kg) or rifampicin (0.1 or 10 mg/kg) for four days. For the in vitro study, PXB-cells were incubated with 3-MC (10, 50, or 250 ng/mL) or with rifampicin (5 or 25 μg/mL). The CYP1A1 and 1A2, and CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels increased significantly in the PXB-mouse livers with 20 mg/kg of 3-MC (Cmax, 12.2 ng/mL), and 10 mg/kg rifampicin (Cmax, 6.9 μg/mL), respectively. The CYP1A1 mRNA expression level increased significantly in PXB-cells with 250 ng/mL of 3-MC, indicating lower sensitivity than in vivo. The CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels increased significantly with 50 ng/mL of 3-MC, and 5 μg/mL of rifampicin, respectively, which indicated that the sensitivities were similar between in vivo and in vitro studies. In conclusion, PXB-mice and PXB-cells provide a robust model as an intermediate between in vivo and in vitro human metabolic enzyme induction studies. 相似文献