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91.
Vaithinathan Karthikeyan Tan Li Bharat Medasani Caiqin Luo Dongliang Shi Joseph C. K. Wong Kwok‐Ho Lam Francis C. C. Ling Vellaisamy A. L. Roy 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2020,6(4)
The presence of defects in thermoelectric materials plays a significant role in the modification their properties by influencing the behavior of electrons and phonons. Dopants with a unique f‐orbital can directly cause distortions in electronic density of states (eDOS) and phonon transport mechanism by intentionally inducing defects in their lattice. The theoretical and experimental outcomes of engineered vacancy defects are investigated by intentional doping of f‐block rare earth elements in β‐Zn4Sb3. Thermoelectric behavior breaks down the inverse relation and results in a parallel increase in Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity for β‐(Zn0.997Ce0.003)4Sb3 and β‐(Zn0.997Er0.003)4Sb3. This synergistic response triples the power factor of a thermoelectric β‐Zn4Sb3 system realized by the impurity induced resonant distortion in eDOS. From first principle GGA + U calculations, the above‐mentioned unconventional properties are attributed to the effect of doping induced vacancy formation and the formation of resonant impurity levels. Hence, it is postulated that defect engineering can be a broad strategy to improve the power factor of the system and can be extended to other thermoelectric materials. 相似文献
92.
Baloji Adothu Shashwata Chattopadhyay Parth Bhatt Pramiti Hui Francis Reny Costa Sudhanshu Mallick 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2020,28(8):767-778
Commercially different variants of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulants are available in the photovoltaic (PV) market. Photobleaching and discoloration are the two most commonly observed phenomena, and their initiation may be different for different encapsulants. To investigate the EVA encapsulant photobleaching and discoloration, solar cell laminates having different EVA films (UV‐transparent [T], UV‐cut [C], and combination of the two [TC]) were tested in Xenon test chamber. High temperatures are created in the laminates during the aging tests by using a thick insulation layer behind the backsheet. The UV fluorescence images and grayscale profile show clear signs of photobleaching and discoloration. It is found that the oxygen diffusion coefficient of the T sample is four and nine times slower than the TC and C samples, respectively, in the photobleached region. Fluorescence imaging and spectra and Raman spectra were taken before and after the accelerated test and indicate that discoloration causing fluorophores generation is higher after the photobleached region for transparent and combined EVAs, whereas higher at the center for UV‐cut EVA laminates. A colorimeter was used to measure the Yellowness Index of the samples before and after the accelerated aging test. This work will help in the early detection of photobleaching and discoloration of any encapsulant used in the PV modules. This method will also help to study the behavior of encapsulants in different climatic conditions like hot, cold, dry, humid, and their combinations by simulating the same in an accelerated weathering chamber by using the different insulation thickness. 相似文献
93.
Yong Xu Yun Li Songlin Li Francis Balestra Gerard Ghibaudo Wenwu Li Yen‐Fu Lin Huabin Sun Jing Wan Xinran Wang Yufeng Guo Yi Shi Yong‐Young Noh 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(20)
Unreliable mobility values, and particularly greatly overestimated values and severely distorted temperature dependences, have recently hampered the development of the organic transistor field. Given that organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have been routinely used to evaluate mobility, precise parameter extraction using the electrical properties of OFETs is thus of primary importance. This review examines the origins of the various mobilities that must be determined for OFET applications, the relevant extraction methods, and the data selection limitations, which help in avoiding conceptual errors during mobility extraction. For increased precision, the review also discusses device fabrication considerations, calibration of both the specific gate‐dielectric capacitance and the threshold voltage, the contact effects, and the bias and temperature dependences, which must actually be handled with great care but have mostly been overlooked to date. This review serves as a systematic overview of the OFET mobility extraction process to ensure high precision and will also aid in improving future research. 相似文献
94.
Lu Zhang Junjie Shang Tim Pelton Leslee Francis Pelton 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2020,36(4):540-548
With the advent of mobile technologies, well-designed fraction apps can be used to help children gain fraction knowledge, a challenging topic for both teachers and students. The present pilot study adopted a quasi-experimental design to investigate whether children can learn fraction concepts equally well if half of the lesson time (20 min) is replaced with game-based learning. Keeping the total lesson time (40 min) identical, the control group (N = 33) received traditional instruction, and the experimental group (N = 32) was presented with a blended learning approach spending half of the class time (20 min) playing tablet-based fraction games, where each of the learners had their own tablet. The results suggested that in the posttest, the experimental group achieved similar learning gains to the control group and appear to have achieved better performance in the transfer test than the control group. This paper also discusses the efficiency of game-based learning, the mechanism of how fraction games might enhance learning, and the potential of integrating game-based learning in educational settings. 相似文献
95.
Modeling of bulk sintering viscosity usually neglects the contribution of pore surface diffusion with respect to grain-boundary diffusion. This approximation is questionable at the high densification rates used today in advanced fast sintering techniques. A two-dimensional analysis of the problem shows that the influence of surface diffusion on bulk viscosity at high strain rate can be decomposed as the sum of two terms: a term linked to the change in pore surface curvature and a term linked to the change in grain-boundary size. The computational procedure relies on the partition of pore profile evolution into a transient component accounting for non-densifying phenomena and an asymptotic component accounting for strain-rate-controlled phenomena. The largest impact of surface diffusion is found to arise from the change in grain-boundary size. It follows a transition from Newtonian viscosity at low strain rate to non-Newtonian viscosity which, during densification, increases nearly linearly with strain rate. In some conditions, viscosity can then reach more than twice the value estimated when neglecting pore surface diffusion. Reversely, expansion is accompanied by a decrease in grain-boundary size which causes a decrease in viscosity and can lead to grain separation at high strain rate. 相似文献
96.
Jiangsheng Yu Yuyin Xi Chu‐Chen Chueh Dongbing Zhao Francis Lin Lilo D. Pozzo Weihua Tang Alex K.‐Y. Jen 《Advanced Materials Interfaces》2016,3(18)
In this study, it is demonstrated that a facile room‐temperature processed amine functionalized perylene‐diimide (PDIN) can function as an efficient electron‐transporting layer (ETL) to enhance the photovoltaic performance of inverted PDI‐based non‐fullerene solar cells. It is showed that the PDIN ETL possesses respectable mobilities and interfacial doping capability to the PDI‐based acceptors to facilitate the charge transport and extraction in the devices. Moreover, it can modulate the morphological evolution of the bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) atop to result in a more crystalline, face‐on orientation because of its improved compatibility to PDI‐based acceptors. Consequently, the PDIN ETL enables the derived devices to have 10% higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the reference device. In addition, the PDIN can also be used as a surface modifier on ZnO to result in a ≈14% enhanced PCE than that of the pristine ZnO‐based device. This study shows the feasibility of modulating the BHJ of non‐fullerene organic photovoltaics by rationally selected ETLs to facilitate exciton dissociation and collection of the devices. 相似文献
97.
Jiwon Kim Hyeoncheol Francis Son Sungmin Hwang Gyeongtaek Gong Ja Kyong Ko Youngsoon Um Sung Ok Han Sun-Mi Lee 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
Yarrowia lipolytica, the non-conventional yeast capable of high lipogenesis, is a microbial chassis for producing lipid-based biofuels and chemicals from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass. However, the low tolerance of Y. lipolytica against furfural, a major inhibitory furan aldehyde derived from the pretreatment processes of lignocellulosic biomass, has restricted the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In this study, the furfural tolerance of Y. lipolytica has been improved by supporting its endogenous detoxification mechanism. Specifically, the endogenous genes encoding the aldehyde dehydrogenase family proteins were overexpressed in Y. lipolytica to support the conversion of furfural to furoic acid. Among them, YALI0E15400p (FALDH2) has shown the highest conversion rate of furfural to furoic acid and resulted in two-fold increased cell growth and lipid production in the presence of 0.4 g/L of furfural. To our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the native furfural detoxification mechanism and increase furfural resistance through rational engineering in Y. lipolytica. Overall, these results will improve the potential of Y. lipolytica to produce lipids and other value-added chemicals from a carbon-neutral feedstock of lignocellulosic biomass. 相似文献
98.
99.
Dr. Dae-Shik Kim Dr. Atsushi Endo Dr. Francis G. Fang Dr. Kuan-Chun Huang Dr. Xingfeng Bao Dr. Hyeong-wook Choi Dr. Utpal Majumder Dr. Young Y. Shen Steven Mathieu Xiaojie Zhu Kristen Sanders Dr. Thomas Noland Dr. Ming-Hong Hao Dr. Yu Chen Dr. John Y. Wang So Yasui Karen TenDyke Jiayi Wu Christy Ingersoll Kara A. Loiacono Dr. Janna E. Hutz Dr. Nadeem Sarwar 《ChemMedChem》2021,16(11):1741-1744
A strategy for creating potent and pan-genotypic stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists is described. Locking a bioactive U-shaped conformation of cyclic dinucleotides by introducing a transannular macrocyclic bridge between the nucleic acid bases leads to a topologically novel macrocycle-bridged STING agonist (MBSA). In addition to substantially enhanced potency, the newly designed MBSAs, exemplified by clinical candidate E7766 , exhibit broad pan-genotypic activity in all major human STING variants. E7766 is shown to have potent antitumor activity with long lasting immune memory response in a mouse liver metastatic tumor model. Two complementary stereoselective synthetic routes to E7766 are also described. 相似文献
100.
Bruce A. Schulte Dietland Müller-Schwarze Rong Tang Francis X. Webster 《Journal of chemical ecology》1995,21(7):941-957
North American beaver (Castor canadensis) were observed to sniff from the water and make land visits to some synthetic chemical components of castoreum placed on experimental scent mounds (ESM). In previous analysis, the elicitation (presence/absence), completeness, and/or strength (number, duration) of these key responses served as separate measures of biological activity. In this paper, we used principal components analysis (PCA) to combine linearly six related measures of observed response and one index of overnight visitation calculated over all trials. The first principal component accounted for a majority of the variation and allowed ranking of the samples based on their composite bioactivity. A second PCA, based only on response trials (excluding trials with no responses), showed that responses to the synthetic samples, once elicited, did not vary greatly in completeness or strength. None of the samples evoked responses as complete or strong as the castoreum control. Castoreum also elicited more multiple land visits (repeated visits to the ESM by the same individual or by more than one family member) than the synthetic samples, indicating that an understanding of the castoreum chemosignal requires consideration of responses by the family unit, and not just the land visit by the initial responder. 相似文献