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951.
Some 30 or 40 years ago, when computers were becoming established in business and government, these new machines drew complaints from people who disliked the standardization that they imposed. Global trade has indeed destroyed local industries but, at the same time, it has generally given the world a higher standard of living. Like the computer age, the era of global trade has come with a new sense of standardization. Trade agreements are technical documents that include lengthy sections of technical definitions, rules, and standards. Hence, it is probably not surprising that the goods and services that have moved most easily from economy to economy and from culture to culture are those that are easily standardized. 相似文献
952.
The main factors that determine the uniformity with which smelting products are tapped from a blast furnace are the rate of accumulation of the products in the hearth and the tapping rate. The first parameter is in turn determined by the stability of the furnace’s operation and can vary significantly even over the course of 24 h. The second parameter is determined mainly by the condition of the iron notch, the maintenance it receives, any changes that occur in the diameter of the channel of the notch, and the quality of the materials used to form the notch. Recommendations are presented to optimize tapping of the smelting products. 相似文献
953.
Thioux Marc; Stark David E.; Klaiman Cheryl; Schultz Robert T. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,32(5):1155
Some individuals are able to determine the weekday of a given date in a few seconds (finding for instance that June 12, 1900, was a Tuesday). This ability has fascinated scientists for many years because it is predominantly observed in people with limited intelligence and may appear very early in life. Exceptional visual memory, exceptional concentration abilities, or privileged access to lower levels of information not normally available through introspection have been advanced to explain such phenomena. In the present article, the authors show that a simple cognitive model can explain all aspects of the performance of Donny, a young autistic savant who is possibly the fastest and most accurate calendar prodigy ever described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
954.
Martins Silvia S.; Mazzotti Guido; Chilcoat Howard D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,14(3):275
Background: Despite increases in ecstasy (MDMA) use in the United States, little is known about characteristics linked with recent-onset ecstasy use, especially psychiatric symptoms and deviant behaviors. Aims: To test whether individuals with high levels of other drug use are more likely to be recent-onset ecstasy users; to test whether psychiatric symptoms in adults are associated with recent-onset ecstasy use; to explore the association between recent-onset ecstasy use and concomitant deviant behaviors in adolescents and adults. Methods: Data from the 2001 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Findings: Recent-onset ecstasy use was significantly more likely to occur among adolescents and adults (18-34 years old) who engaged in deviant behaviors during the past year as compared with those who did not engage in deviant behaviors during the past year. Higher levels of deviancy indicated a higher likelihood of being a recent-onset ecstasy user, and associations were strongest with nonviolent deviant behaviors such as selling illegal drugs and stealing. Associations between deviant behaviors and recent-onset ecstasy use were similar in strength to associations between deviant behaviors and recent-onset cocaine and marijuana use, respectively. Adults who had past-year psychiatric symptoms (both depressive and panic symptoms) were twice as likely to be recent-onset ecstasy users as compared with those without past-year psychiatric symptoms. Greater levels of drug involvement increased the odds of being a recent-onset ecstasy user. Conclusion: Recent-onset ecstasy use seems to be associated with a range of other behavioral problems and may reflect one aspect of a larger problem behavior syndrome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
955.
H. Terasaki Y. Komizo M. Yonemuira T. Osuki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(4):1261-1266
Kinetic information about the phase transformation, during solidification process and solid-state transformation is essential
to the material processing, such as welding. In our research group, in-situ phase identification system consisting of undulator beam and imaging plate have recently been used. The welding torch is
driven by stepping-motor in the system. Those make possible that phase transformation can be identified in real-time under
the condition of directional solidification and the spatial resolution of 100 × 500 μm. The time-resolution is 0.3125 seconds.
In the present work, combination of analyzing method: the in-situ phase identification system, morphological observation by high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy and observation
of microstructure at room temperature by OM, SEM and micro diffraction-system, is suggested to analyze the phase transformation
during welding process. Phase transformation process of hypereutectoid carbon steel, during welding was analyzed as an example
of combination observation. 相似文献
956.
A Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) system offers a computer-generated virtual world in which individuals located at different
places in the physical world can interact with one another. In order to achieve real-time response for a large user base,
DVE systems need to have a scalable architecture. In this paper, we present the design of a grid-enabled service oriented
framework for facilitating the construction of scalable DVE systems on computing grids. A service component called “gamelet”
is proposed, whose distinctive mark is its high mobility for supporting dynamic load sharing. We propose a gamelet migration
protocol which can ensure the transparency and efficiency of gamelet migration, and an adaptive gamelet load-balancing (AGLB)
algorithm for making gamelet redistribution decisions at runtime. The algorithm considers both the synchronization costs of
the DVE system and network latencies inherent in the grid nodes. The activities of the users and the heterogeneity of grid
resources are also considered in order to carry out load sharing more effectively. We evaluate the performance of the proposed
mechanisms through a multiplayer online game prototype implemented using the Globus toolkit. The results show that our approach
can achieve faster response times and higher throughputs than some existing approaches.
This research is supported in part by the China National Grid project (863 program) and the HKU Foundation Seed Grant 28506002. 相似文献
957.
In this paper we investigated the BER performance of DS-CDMA using various chip-waveforms, which include three time-limited chip-waveforms and two band-limited chip-waveforms. Closed-form formulae were derived for evaluating the achievable bit-error rate performance with the aid of the standard Gaussian approximation, when communicating over a Nakagami-m channel. The time-limited waveforms impose a low implementational complexity, since they maybe over sampled and read from a look-up table. However, they are outperformed by the frequency-domain raised-cosine waveform as well as the optimum waveform specifically designed by Cho and Lehnert for achieving the lowest possible bit error rate 相似文献
958.
V. Sinha M. J. Mills J. C. Williams 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(6):2015-2026
A faceted initiation site is observed in Ti-6242 alloy for both the cyclic and static-loading test conditions. In this experimental
study, the crystallographic orientation of the facets has been determined using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)
technique in conjunction with the quantitative tilt fractography in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative tilt
fractography analysis has been used to determine the spatial orientation of fracture facets. The results indicate that the
normal-fatigue (no-dwell) fracture facets are oriented at ∼5 deg with respect to the basal plane; the dwell-fatigue fracture
facets are oriented at ∼10 to 15 deg with respect to the basal plane and the static-loading fracture facets are oriented at
∼20 deg with respect to the basal plane. These crystallographic orientation determinations of the fracture facets at the crack-initiation
site can be used to obtain an idea about the type of loading that produced them. 相似文献
959.
Over tensile stress ranges giving creep lives up to 2000 hours at 373 to 463 K, the creep and creep fracture properties of
7010 are compared with results recorded for 7075 and other precipitation-hardened aluminum alloys. Using the ϕ methodology
to quantify the systematic variations in creep curve shape with changing test conditions, the behavior patterns displayed
by the different alloys are shown to depend on the extent to which precipitate coarsening causes a progressive loss of creep
strength with increasing test duration and temperature. The ϕ relationships also introduce new approaches for rationalization
and interpretation of creep data sets, based on the activation energy for lattice diffusion in the alloy matrices and the
yield stress or UTS at the creep temperatures. 相似文献
960.
D. A. Mirzaev N. I. Vorob’ev O. K. Tokovi D. V. Shaburov E. A. Fominykh 《Russian Metallurgy (Metally)》2006,(1):38-41
The solutions to a differential equation for the problem of heating of a cylinder in a medium with a fixed temperature are used to obtain equations for estimating the change in the hydrogen concentration in forgings from data on the hydrogen concentration at the cylinder axis or on the average bulk hydrogen concentration. Similar equations are also obtained for forgings having square cross sections. The calculation demonstrates that, for the case of a twofold decrease in the hydrogen concentration in a forging, the calculated times of annealing of a cylindrical forging differ by three times. 相似文献