双膜分离器的数学模型

建立了适用于双膜分离器的数学模型,并用实验数据验证了数学模型的可行性和合理性;对非对称膜渗透过程的数学计算模型作了进一步的探讨,指出在本实验范围内非对称膜的渗透行为与对称膜的渗透行为相近。     

Physical properties and morphology of polycaprolactone/starch/pine‐leaf composites

Polycaprolactone (PCL)/starch and PCL/starch/pine‐leaf composites, which can be possibly applied as biodegradable food packaging materials with natural pine flavor, were prepared and characterized in this study. The effect of incorporating a silane coupling agent at different content levels on the physical properties and morphology of the composites was studied. To investigate the melting behavior of the composites, a differential scanning calorimetry was employed. A universal testing machine was used to investigate the tensile properties of the composites and the water absorption properties of the composites were also investigated. Scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the morphology of the composites. The physical properties and morphology of the PCL/starch and PCL/starch/pine‐leaf composites were largely affected by the composition, especially the content of the silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent led to a much better interfacial compatibility between the PCL matrix and the fillers and resulted in better physical properties of the composites. The PCL/starch/pine‐leaf composite with the silane coupling agent showed a morphology, indicating a good interfacial adhesion between the PCL matrix and the fillers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 928–934, 2007     

Preparation and characterization of amphiphilic block copolymer of polyacrylonitrile‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)

The synthesis of polyacrylonitrile‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PAN‐b‐PEO) diblock copolymers is conducted by sequential initiation and Ce(IV) redox polymerization using amino‐alcohol as the parent compound. In the first step, amino‐alcohol potassium with a protected amine group initiates the polymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) to yield poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with an amine end group (PEO‐NH₂), which is used to synthesize a PAN‐b‐PEO diblock copolymer with Ce(IV) that takes place in the redox initiation system. A PAN‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐PAN (PAN‐PEG‐PAN) triblock copolymer is prepared by the same redox system consisting of ceric ions and PEG in an aqueous medium. The structure of the copolymer is characterized in detail by GPC, IR, ¹H‐NMR, DSC, and X‐ray diffraction. The propagation of the PAN chain is dependent on the molecular weight and concentration of the PEO prepolymer. The crystallization of the PAN and PEO block is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1753–1759, 2003     

引水隧洞复杂地质段地质超前预报综合评价

由于单一地质超前预报方法对复杂地质段预报的局限性,本文则主要通过地质编录法、瞬变电磁法、水平声波反射法三种方法的综合分析,避开各种方法局限性的影响,完成对复杂地质段的超前预报,同时成功预报一个次生断层以及该断层影响带宽度,并给施工提供合理建议,使得施工顺利进行。预报结果与实际开挖地质情况基本一致,取得了显著效果。因此,在面对复杂地质段时,应用地质编录法、瞬变电磁法、水平声波反射法综合评价地质情况,获取准确、可靠的地质超前预报结果,是一种高效、可行的组合方法之一。     

装配序列规划问题的Benchmark生成算法

装配序列规划本质上是一个NP组合优化问题,由于缺乏Benchmark,使得研究者在提出装配序列规划算法时难以对算法的优劣进行衡量.针对该问题,借鉴索玛立方体中将若干单位立方块组合成不同几何体的思想,在主要由连接矩阵和干涉矩阵构成的装配体模型表示法的基础上,设计了自动生成装配体和提取其模型数据的算法,并通过实验证明了算法的正确性.最后利用Matlab编程开发了该Benchmark自动生成系统,可以为装配序列规划算法提供有效的输入数据,进而对算法进行评价.     

汽车后视镜气动干涉阻力特性的数值计算研究

以获得汽车后视镜最优气动造型和改善汽车燃油经济性为目的,应用计算流体动力学方法对汽车外部流场进行了数值分析,详细描述了汽车后视镜的气动干涉阻力特性,重点分析了后视镜形状和相对车身的横向距离对气动阻力的影响.计算结果表明:后视镜气动阻力占整车气动阻力的4.08%;后视镜的形状和位置对气动阻力影响较大,存在一个最佳的横向距离使得气动阻力系数最大能够下降2.76%.汽车模型的风洞试验验证了该数值计算方法的准确性,计算分析结果为汽车后视镜的设计与改进提供了参考依据.     

内部审计审计风险模型的探讨

全面风险管理理念已经兴起并形成了全面风险管理模式。全面风险管理模式有五个方面的特征,需要新的审计管理理论加以适应,这其中就包括了新的审计风险模型。新的审计风险模型结合全面风险管理理论和风险导向审计理论,侧重从内部审计的角度进行考虑,认为审计风险=企业总体风险中重大错报风险×检查风险。该模型能适应新形势下的审计要求,特别适用于内部审计部门。     

Corrosion resistance of cerium conversion film electrodeposited on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy

The cerium conversion film was applied to improving the corrosion resistance of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy. The film was electrodeposited on the surface of the Mg-RE alloy in cerium nitrate solution. The compositions and morphologies were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning election microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behaviors of the film were investigated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization tests and immersion tests. The results show that the optimum parameters for electrochemical deposition are as follows: pH 10.0, time 30 min, 50 mmol/L Na₂CO₃ and temperature 25 °C by the designed experiments according to the orthogonal table L(9, 3⁴). The corrosion protection efficiency is dependent on the deposition parameters. The cerium conversion film shows better corrosion protection behavior than chromate conversion film on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy. Foundation item: Project (5133001E) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

基于全局优化算法的多学科优化计算构架

比较了MDF计算构架与分解类构架对多学科连续性约束的处理策略,并分析了MDF计算构架对多学科分析提出的计算需求.在此基础上,将多学科分析(MDA)的求解问题转化为全局优化问题,结合具有全局搜索特性的遗传算法和具有较好局部收敛特性的复合形法,建立了一种全局优化算法GACA,以满足MDA的计算需求.基于GACA,对MDF计算构架进行改进,建立了两级优化MDF计算构架BL-MDF.典型算例的计算结果表明,本文的计算构架具有较好的计算性能,同时算例也验证了本文对MDF与分解类计算构架的比较结论.     

皮胶原纤维固载Zr(IV)对水体中苯羧酸的吸附特性

制备皮胶原纤维固载Zr(IV)吸附剂(ZLCF),并考察ZLCF对水体中苯甲酸(BA)、邻苯二甲酸(o-PA)、对苯二甲酸(p-PA)和间苯二甲酸(m-PA)的吸附特性.研究表明:这4种苯羧酸的吸附平衡同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,但随着它们的羧基数量和位置的不同,其吸附容量也随之变化.总体看,ZLCF对所研究的苯羧酸均具有较大的吸附容量.当苯羧酸溶液(10 m1)的初始浓度为6 mmol/L、吸附温度为293 K时,ZLCF(0.05 g)对BA、o-PA、m-PA和p-PA的吸附容量分别达0.4616、0.5892、0.4912和0.3138 mmol/g.吸附动力学研究表明:BA的吸附符合拟一级速率方程,边界层扩散为主控步骤;而o一PA、m-PA和p-PA的吸附符合拟二级速率方程,化学吸附为主控步骤.