军用涤纶长丝面料热转移印花及功能整理研究

介绍涤纶长丝面料分散染料热转移印花工艺,包括工艺流程、主要技术创新、产品应用等方面。阐述涤纶长丝面料阻燃涂层整理技术,并讨论阻燃剂用量、涂层增重量对整理效果的影响。总结防热红外侦察整理、防雷达波侦察整理、多功能迷彩面料生产及要点。文章表明,化纤长丝纺织产品的发展与国防建设是密切相关、相互促进、相辅相成的。以化纤长丝为基材生产的系列化军用产品是建设强大国防的重要保障。不断深化化纤长丝面料的功能性深度加工具有非常重要的意义。     

珍珠纤维结构与性能的研究

文章通过对珍珠纤维的外观形态、回潮率、物理机械性能(单纤强度)和化学性能(耐酸耐碱、耐有机溶剂等)的测试实验,对珍珠纤维的结构性能进行了研究。所得结论对指导珍珠纤维产品开发及生产具有一定的指导意义。     

负离子功能整理在涤纶装饰织物上的应用

负离子是一种带负电荷的空气离子。纺织品中应用的负离子整理剂主要为电气石和加稀土元素的天然超微多孔质矿石。文中分析了负离子含量与人体健康状况的关系，介绍了生产负离子纺织品的3种方法，并采用3种不同品牌负离子整理剂进行试验，测试了被整理织物产生负离子的浓度、防止花粉附着性能、远红外蓄热效果、抗紫外线和抗静电性能。结果表明：负离子整理织物除了具有产生负离子的功能外，还具有防止花粉附着、远红外蓄热、抗紫外线、抗静电等功效。     

Identification of inhibitory substances affecting bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge

Significant inhibitory effects of the filtrate medium of anaerobically digested sewage sludge on iron oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ANYL-1 were observed in our preliminary experiments, indicating the presence of inhibitory substances in anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The objectives of the present study were to identify the possible inhibitory substances and to evaluate their impacts on metal solubilization during bioleaching of sewage sludge. The results showed that the concentrations of total reducing sugars, all tested metal ions, and anions were too low to suppress iron oxidation, and only organic acids, especially acetic and propionic acids, were found at concentrations higher than their inhibitory levels. The presence of 10.8 mM acetic acid and 9.88 mM propionic acid in sewage sludge (sludge N) led to long lag periods of 6 and 7 days for solubilization of Cu and Cr, respectively, as compared to a lag period of only 1 day in the control and another sludge (sludge S) with a low level of organic acids. Meanwhile the leaching time for maximum solubilization of Zn also extended to 6 days in the presence of organic acids as compared to 3 days in the control. Acetic and propionic acids posed an unfavorable bioleaching condition for anaerobically digested sewage sludge; therefore, further studies are required to explore the means to remove the inhibitory effects to improve the heavy metal bioleaching efficiency.     

Improved bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge under alkaline conditions

The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge was conducted in batch fermentation tests at different pH values ranging from 4.0 to 11.0. Experimental results of the impacts of different pHs on SCFAs production showed that during the first 8-day fermentation time the total SCFAs production at either pH 9.0 or pH 10.0 was much greater than that at acidic or neutral pH, and the maximal yield of 256.2 mg SCFAs-COD per gram of volatile suspended solids (VSS) was at pH 10.0, which was, respectively, over3 and 4times that at pH 5.0 and uncontrolled pH. Clearly, SCFAs production from excess sludge could be significantly improved and maintained stable by controlling the fermentation pH at 10.0. The composition of SCFAs and the percent distribution of individual SCFAs accounting for total SCFAs at pH 10.0 were analyzed. The SCFAs consisted of acetic, propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric, iso-valeric, and n-valeric acids, and acetic acid was the most prevalent product with a fraction of 40-55%. Because the results of this study were differentfrom those of previous studies of SCFAs production, the mechanism of increased SCFAs production under alkaline conditions was investigated. Results showed that as soluble COD increased, more soluble protein was provided as the substrate for producing SCFAs. In addition, less or even no SCFAs were consumed by methanogens at alkaline pH, so the SCFAs production was therefore remarkably improved. Further investigation revealed thatthe formation of SCFA at pH 10.0 was dominated by biological effects rather than by chemical hydrolysis.     

酶解乳蛋白制取乳源肽的研究

用酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对牛乳蛋白进行水解，研究了水解工艺，并通过正交试验对工艺进行了优化。结果为：酸性蛋白酶水解牛乳蛋白的最佳工艺条件是：水解温度50℃，时间120min，pH值3．0，加酶量8．0％；中性蛋白酶水解温度50℃，时间90min，pH值7．0，加酶量1．60％；碱性蛋白酶水解温度60℃，时间105min，pH值9．0，加酶量8．0％。中性蛋白酶水解物苦昧最小，最适宜作食品。     

橡皮布的未来发展趋势

<正>自从1953年REEVES公司建立世界上第一条橡皮布生产线以来,橡皮布已经跨越了一个甲子的时光。橡皮布在印刷领域的地位非但没有因为时代和技术的进步而动摇,反而由于大量高新科技的引入而越来越受到各方的重视,也担负起越来越重要的作用和期望。一个重要的证明就是:世界顶级的印刷机生产厂商如曼罗兰、高斯、三菱等都在近几年花了大量的金钱和时间设计了各自的橡皮布专业测试机,系统地为他们新型印刷机选择最匹配的橡皮布。     

发酵乳─最新研究动向

有关发酵乳的研究,目前主要集中于新产品的开发和健康特性的研究。在对近１０年有关文献研究的基础上,介绍了发酵乳的种类,益生菌,乳酸菌的培养、代谢特性、遗传和生物技术,发酵剂的制作,健康特性研究及乳酸菌的安全性等。     

黄麻棉针织物二次脱胶工艺初探

对精细化黄麻棉针织物进行二次脱胶处理,用正交设计的方法优化影响脱胶效果的工艺参数,取得最优化工艺方案:碱浓度15g/L,处理时间2h,浴比1∶40,温度100℃。采用该方案进行脱胶后,测样布的悬垂系数和减量率,结果表明,二次脱胶处理是提高黄麻棉针织物的柔软性使之符合内衣穿着要求的可行方法之一。     

沙棘果油中维生素E的色质谱分析

本研究应用柱色谱预分离、气相色谱与质谱联用技术,在国内首次对野生植物沙棘果油中所含的维生素E类组份进行了系统的分析鉴定.除分析出了α、β、γ、δ——生育酚外,还用质谱碎片解析法推断出了四种未有报道的新组份,为沙棘果油在化妆品及医药方面的应用提供了可靠的依据.