高压瓷绝缘子表面的疏水性涂层

瓷绝缘子的结构型式是多样和复杂的 ,目前存在的最主要的问题是控制其污层问题。若能成功地将本来亲水的硅绝缘子无机表面改变成疏水的低能表面 ,则阻止了由于无极性分子团形成的严重水膜。在各个水滴之间形成干燥区 ,抑制泄漏电流的产生。如果在运行条件下可减小泄漏电流 ,则可使绝缘子不闪络或使结构件不劣化。通过这种疏水效应 ,还可简化结构。     

Incorporation of the acetylcholine receptor dimer from Torpedo californica in a peptide supported lipid membrane investigated by surface plasmon and fluorescence spectroscopy

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a bipolar ablation probe on experimentally roughened articular cartilage and compare it with the traditional mechanical shaving technique using the knee joint of sheep. Twenty-eight skeletally mature ewes were divided randomly into two groups: one group was treated with a rotating shaving device and another group was treated using the bipolar ablation probe (Bipolar Arthroscopic Probe; Electroscope, Inc, Boulder, CO). Animals were killed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and histological sections of the experimental limbs were compared with sections of the opposite limb using a modified Mankin scale. The following variables were used to determine scores: surface (0-6), cells (0-4), hypocellularity (0-3), matrix staining (transitional zone [0-4], radiate zone [0-4], and focal empty lacunae or hypereosinophilic cells (0-3). Differences in scores for all response variables were calculated as treated limb minus sham limb. Response variables were formed: score >0 recoded as 1 (favorable response treated better than sham), score of 0 recoded as 2 (neutral response no differences), and score <0 recoded as 3 (unfavorable response treated worse than sham). Bipolar ablative probe-treated limbs had 14.29% favorable responses and 35.71% favorable or neutral responses, whereas shave-treated limbs had 0% favorable and only 7.14% favorable or neutral responses. For all variables, bipolar ablative probe-treated limbs had more favorable responses. The less severe histological change in the bipolar ablative probe-treated joints compared with the shave-treated joints suggests that bipolar ablation of articular cartilage may be a better treatment for chondromalacia than the usual shaving methods of debridement. Further, there were no pathological changes in the subchondral bone.     

Thermodynamik der Eisen-Aluminium-Legierungen

Schrifttumsübersicht zu den energetischen Daten des Systems Eisen-Aluminium. Bestimmung der energetischen Größen. Thermodynamische Berechnung der Zustandslinien in Konsistenz zu den experimentell ermittelten Phasengleichgewichten.     

Metallorganische Synthese modifizierter Polycarbosilane. I. Benzyliden-verbrückte Polycarbosilane

Metalorganic Synthesis of Modified Polycarbosilanes. I. Benzylidene Bridged Polycarbosilanes By single step reaction of the monomeric silanes diphenyl-, phenylmethyl, dimethyl-, methyl-vinyl- and methyldichlorosilanes with α,α-dibromotoluene as carbosilane bridge builder and magnesium as reducing agent a series of modified linear polycarbosilanes was prepared. This new synthetic route – a simple variation of the Grignard method – allowed the synthesis of the oligomeric products in large amounts. In addition, the sensitive functional groups SiH and SiCH  CH₂ were completely preserved during the course of the reaction, in contrast to the direct synthesis with sodium as reductive agent. The structures of the viscous polycarbosilanes were characterized by a highly rate of alternating Si-C-systems. The modified polycarbosilanes were analysed and investigated by IR-, ¹H-, ¹³C- and ²⁹Si-NMR-spectroscopy. The weight and number averages M_w and M_n, which were determined by gel-permeation chromatography, clearly reflected the oligomeric character of these compounds.     

MyD genes in negative growth control

Two interrelated cellular processes are invoked simultaneously upon induction of differentiation, the regulated progression of cells through successive stages of cell differentiation and growth inhibition which ultimately leads to growth arrest. In tissues with rapid cell turnover terminally differentiated cells undergo programmed cell death. Terminal differentiation, thus, represents one form of negative growth control. It was surmised that the molecular engine which drives the differentiation process forward requires induction of positive regulators of terminal cell differentiation, to be found among differentiation primary response genes, as well as suppression of negative regulators, which correspond to genes which control cellular growth. This line of thought has prompted the isolation of myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) genes activated in the absence of de novo protein synthesis, upon IL-6 induced terminal differentiation of murine M1 myeloblastic leukemia cells, where the cells growth arrest and ultimately undergo programmed cell death. As delineated in this review many of the genes identified as MyD genes, including both known genes [IRF-1, (AP-1)Fos/Jun.EGR-1] and novel ones (MyD88, MyD116, MyD118), turned out to play a role in negative growth control, including growth suppression and apoptosis, in many cell types, of both hematopoietic and non hematopoietic origins.     

Apparat zur Bestimmung des Schmelzpunktes von Fetten

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem Hygienischen Institut der Universität Budapest.     

Nachweis von eiwei?artigen K?rpern mittels Formaldehyds

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Exploring alternative sources of funding for deploying sustainable sanitation technologies and services in Mongolia

One of the major challenges for deploying sustainable sanitation technologies and services around the world is financing. The present study applied both qualitative (key informant interviews) and quantitative (household survey) methods to explore sources of alternative financing in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, towards deploying sustainable sanitation technologies and services. Microfinance organizations, government subsidies and mining industries may represent potential sources of financing for the implementation of sustainable sanitation technologies and services in Mongolia. Moreover, building social capital among Ger residents and reinventing the idea of ‘corporate WASH responsibility’ could constitute new directions for the future.     

Photolysis of ozone in aqueous solutions in the presence of tertiary butanol

The ozone decomposition quantum yield (phi) in millimolar and higher-concentration aqueous tertiary butanol solution is 0.64 +/- 0.05 (observed over a wavelength range from 250 to 280 nm) and rises toward lower tertiary butanol concentrations (phi approximately 1.5 at 10(-5) M at pH 2) on account of the onset of the well-known *OH-radical-induced chain reaction. The destruction of the organic is initiated by hydrogen-atom abstraction through OH radicals which are produced via the reaction of the photolytically generated O(1D) with the solvent water at a quantum yield of phi(*OH) of about 0.1. There is no decomposition of ozone in the dark on the time scale of the photolysis experiment. The efficiency of tertiary butanol destruction with respect to ozone consumption ([O3]0 = 3 x 10(-4) M), defined by the ratio delta[t-BuOH]/delta[O3], termed eta(t-BuOH), is 0.26 at millimolar tertiary butanol concentrations, determined at the stage of essentially complete ozone consumption. It diminishes toward lower tertiary butanol concentrations (delta[t-BuOH]/delta[O3] approximately 0.17 at [t-BuOH]0 = 1 x 10(-4) M). Part of the effect of the ozone, apart from being a source of *OH radicals, rests on the intervention of HO2*/O2*- which is produced in the course of the peroxyl-radical chemistry of the tertiary butanol in this dioxygen-saturated environment and converted into further *OH radical by reaction with ozone. Moreover in this system, organic free radicals and peroxyl radicals react with the ozone. On the basis of the experimental and mechanistic-simulation data, the quantum yield of direct (by hv) ozone cleavage in aqueous solution is estimated at about 0.5.