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101.
Reaction rates in the Mg2Ni---H2 system are still unclear, although they are needed for the process/optimization of hydrogen storage reactors. In this article, the rates of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the magnesium nickel alloy were investigated at different pressures up to 2.0 MPa using a constant-temperature thermogravimetric method. The powder of the alloy was microencapsulated with copper to improve the alloy properties (such as cycling strength) as a pretreatment. In the experiments, weight changes of the smallest amount possible of samples were monitored with the help of an ultra-accurate thermobalance, in order to avoid changes of the sample temperature due to the heat of the reaction. The reaction curves obtained revealed unique dependence of temperature and pressure and influence of thermal hysterisis. It is also possible that hydrogen-absorption and-desorption rates of this hydrogen storage alloy are expressed by the rate equation of first-order reversible reaction. 相似文献
102.
A New Process to Make a Porous PTFE Structure from Aqueous PTFE Dispersion with the Help of Hydrogel
A novel method to make a porous material having relatively large cell diameter (200–300 m), which consisted of mainly poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), was developed from aqueous PTFE dispersion by using the characteristics of hydrogel with the addition of carbon nanofiber (CNF). The porous material was produced as follows: firstly, an aqueous agar gel containing PTFE and CNF was prepared; secondly, the gel was freeze-dried; thirdly, the dried gel was heat-treated at 400°C where the agar was almost decomposed and PTFE became molten. The porous material showed electric conductivity (about 50 ), high porosity (about 96 vol%), and relatively uniform cell structures without shrinkage during freeze drying and heat treatment. While the method without CNF resulted in large shrinkage during heat treatment, meaning that CNF prevented the shrinkage. It was explained by the idea that the existence of rigid CNF, which was dispersed in the cell wall, prohibited the shrinkage of PTFE during heat treatment. It was unexpectedly found by SEM analysis that the porous materials had another macro-porous structure inside the cell wall, suggesting that the developed materials had a double porous structure. 相似文献
103.
Toshio Kimura Toru Takahashi Toshihiko Tani Yasuyoshi Saito 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(8):1424-1429
Bi0.5 Na0.5 TiO3 (BNT) and 0.94Bi0.5 Na0.5 TiO3 ·0.06BaTiO3 (BNT–BT) bulk ceramics with extensive 〈100〉 texture were prepared by the reactive-templated grain growth method, using platelike Bi4 Ti3 O12 (BIT) particles as templates for BNT. Calcined compacts were composed of matrix grains with random orientation and 〈100〉-oriented grains transformed from aligned BIT particles, and the texture developed by the growth of oriented grains during sintering. Ceramics with extensive texture were obtained by using the starting mixture containing the maximum concentration of platelike BIT to form the maximum volume fraction of oriented grains. 相似文献
104.
Tohru Shiga Takeshi Narita Kazuyuki Tachi Akane Okada Hideroh Takahashi Toshio Kurauchi 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1997,37(1):24-30
This paper describes a new nondestructive technique for detecting internal stresses in coatings using time resolved fluorescence. The measurement principle is based upon an experimental result that the decay time of fluorescence from poly(3-octylthiophene), P3OT, dispersed in uniaxially-stretched polymer films decreases with increasing tensile stress acting on the films. Internal stresses in the clear coat and in the base coat of a multilayer structure, which was composed of electrodeposited coat, surface coat, base coat, and clear coat, were estimated from the decay time of fluorescence from P3OT in both coats. The order of internal stresses in the clear coat and base coat of the multilayer system was 1 MPa. When the coatings were piled up, the internal stress decreased as the distance from a metal substrate was increased. It was found that moisture and temperature influenced internal stresses in the clear coat rather than in the base coat. Internal stress in the clear coat, which was one layer coated on a metal substrate, was measured by the traditional bimetallic method or by the time resolved fluorescence technique. Comparing both methods, it was concluded that the time resolved fluorescence technique gave reliable values for internal stresses in coatings. 相似文献
105.
The kinetics of the methanation of carbon dioxide was investigated using an alumina supported Ni-La2O2 catalyst in a differential and integral reactor. In the differential reactor the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 was varied from 0.6 to 30. In the integral reactor the rates were measured with up to 90% conversion. Both reactor tests were carried out at temperatures between 513 and 593 K. The experimental results were described by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type equation. The kinetics can be explained by assuming equilibrium of dissociative carbon dioxide and hydrogen adsorption, and assuming hydrogenation of surface carbon as the rate determining step. 相似文献
106.
Yutaka Ohya Hisao Saiki Toshimasa Tanaka Yasutaka Takahashi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(4):825-830
Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide films were fabricated by spin-on and dip-coating methods. Both types of films exhibited columnar grains when the single coating was thin, ∼10 nm. The columnar TiO2 films were dense, as confirmed by their density values calculated from the refractive index and TEM results. The addition of Al cations into the ZnO suppressed grain growth, because Zn had a lower diffusivity in the doped films. The doped ZnO films had nearly the same electrical resistivity as that of the undoped films. 相似文献
107.
Schaefer-Sindlinger A. Lappas I. Vogt C. D. Ito T. Kurachi H. Makino M. Takahashi A. 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,42(1-4):307-317
This paper will give an overview about the filter development for diesel particulate emission control in automotive applications.
The material development for passenger car diesel particulate filters led to new materials like silicon carbide while for
heavy duty applications still Cordierite plays a major role. But in the future other materials might also be used for passenger
cars. This paper will show the basic difference between both applications and describe the material design in terms of filter
properties (base material, back pressure aspects, filtration efficiency, coating impact). Current application on vehicles
with catalysed soot filters (CSF) with and without oxidation catalyst will be presented. Furthermore an outlook will be given
on materials for catalysed soot filters for the future. 相似文献
108.
S. Okazaki S. Higuchi N. Kubota S. Takahashi 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》1986,16(5):631-635
Initial short circuit currents have been observed using our electronic short circuit switch and also predicted from terminal voltage and ohmic resistance according to Ohm's law for several kinds of lead-acid batteries in various states-of-charge. Ohmic resistance was measured by the d.c. step and the a.c. impedance methods. The predicted and the observed values have been compared in order to establish a prediction method for initial short circuit current. A good agreement was obtained, the root mean square percentage deviation of the predicted value from that observed being only 219%, which confirms the validity of the prediction method for the initial short circuit current. 相似文献
109.
The redistribution of impurity in alite during recrystallization has been confirmed by means of the electron probe microanalysis. Each of the main impurity components shows a significant decrease in content during recrystallization. This demonstrates that the growth velocity of alite exerts influence on the amount of the impurity taken up in alite in solid solution from the interstitial melt. Whether M3 or M1 occurs at ambient temperature depends on the cooling rate of clinker as well as the chemical composition of alite. 相似文献
110.
A unique class of conjugated compounds composed of the derivative of condensed polycyclic aromatic compound with the phenyl group and diphenyldiacetylene oligomer was synthesized by annealing of diphenyldiacetylene under elevated pressure. The effect of annealing pressure on the conductivity of the compounds was studied. The total conductivity of the compound decreased with a decrease of frequency, approaching a constant value (dc conductivity: Cdc). The dc conductivity of the compound increased from below 10?15 to 10 S cm?1 with increasing annealing pressure. The dc conductivity of the oligomer was below 10?15 S cm?1 and that of the derivative increased from 10?8 to 10 S cm?1 with decreasing H/C (H/C:0.45–0.04). The conduction of the conjugated compound was electronic. The temperature coefficient of those dc conductivities was positive, with an approximately linear relation between In (CdcT0.5) and (1/T)0.25, where T is the temperature. The ac conductivities Cac were proportional to temperature and frequency f and had the following equation Cac = TfS, S = 0.67–0.75. These results showed that the conduction mechanism can be explained by the hopping in a manifold of states at the Fermi level. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献